Research On The Techniques Of Digital Image Edge Detection

The image edge detection has become one of the most important parts of image processing with the development of computer technology. Image edge detection is the first step of image analysis, also the basis of image segmentation, feature extraction and image recognition. The main content of this dissertation is described as follows.Firstly, digital image processing and its applications are introduced. Then, the background, the significance and also the development status of the image edge detection technique are introduced, next to this, some basic knowledge of the image edge detection are discussed.Secondly, some classical edge detection algorithms such as Roberts, Sobel, Prewitt are discussed. Theory analysis and experiments are carried out to compare their advantages and disadvantages. Some new technology about edge detection, such as wavelet, math morphology, rough set theory, are introduced. In the fourth chapter, two kinds of edge detection algorithms based on linear filtering, i.e., Marr-Hildreth algorithm and Canny algorithm, are discussed.Finally, an improved Canny edge detection algorithm based on anisotropic diffusion equation is proposed. The canny edge detection algorithm uses Gaussian filter for smoothing the image, which may lead to lower SNR and higher edge location error, and therefore may produce false edge and corner roundness. To solve these problems, an improved edge detection algorithm is proposed by replacing Gaussian filter with anisotropic diffusion equations, and the image enhancement is carried out after diffusion. Experiment results show that the accuracy of edge detection is improved evidently, and a much better edge detection effect is obtained.