Fabrication, Charaterization And Application Of Icon-exchanged Optical Waveguide Device

Optical communication industry is growing pretty fast in recent years. In order to more advanced theory and components in integrated optical communication, researchers are trying to find new materials, new methods, and new devices. And optical waveguides are very critical for the overall system.If the refractive index distribution is known, we can charaterize the mode in the waveguide by eltromagenetic theory. However, it is difficult to accurately analyze the graded refractive index distribution waveguide. Up to now, there are only several refractive index profile has accurate solution, including linear distribution, square distribution, exponential distribution, gauss distribution, etc.. All of others use computational method to solve. In this thesis, a improved cubic spline intepolation method is provioded to improve the accuracy of refractive index profile recovery, and some some typical function is recovered and shown on this papaer as example.The parameters which determine the character of optical waveguide include changing amount of the refractive index, thickness of the waveguide, refractive index profile, waveguide loss, spectrum character and so on. Researchs constantly try to find new material and technology produce better performance waveguide. Waveguide material include glasses, LiNbO3, Polymer. And Producing Technology include proton-exchanging, Ti-diffusion, ion-injection, etc. In this thesis, we report fabrication of a copper-exchanged optical planar waveguide in BK7 glass by using ion exchange with ZnCl2+Cu2Cl2 as ion source. The measured loss of the fabricated waveguides was as low as about 0.36 db/cm. The waveguides can hold 2– 4 modes with 5- to 30-minute exchange and 1 mode with 2- or 3-minute exchanges. The e?ective refractive index of each mode was determined by using the m-line test system at a wavelength of 0.65μm. In addition, the cubic spline function interpolation method was employed to recover the gradient refractive index profiles of the copper-containing waveguides. The study on the annealing process and specture character for copper-exchanged waveguide is also discussed. QPM method is applied in a much wider range nowadays, but the third harmonic generation is produced by casecaded method, and no direct method is reported. The thesis demonstrated a method to produce direct three harmonic generation based on quasi-phase-matching (QPM) configuration in proton-exchanged LiNbO3. The wavelength dependence of the period of THG QPM gratings is calculated. Bandwidths of fundamental wavelength, temperature and incident angle are also studied. And the waveguide is fabircated by benzoic acid twice-exchanging at near 200 centigrade degree.