From "War Communique" To "Glad Tidings"

Extra is a piece of special newspaper. It is about significant news which happens suddenly. Newspaper and periodical being to issue at the regular intervals between issue in two phases, in order to report to readers timely, newspaper office compiles and prints a kind of particularity newspaper which is not numbered. The earliest extra in the world was published by The Times of British in 1805.In China, Guangzhou merchant reports ,which was a English newspaper and belonged to English merchant , has sent out a extra in publication on October 13 , 1836 , however, it has had no way to engage in textual research. In China, the earliest newspaper extra in Chinese is ShenDaily, which was in Shanghai, the date was August 6 , 1884, the content was about" French warships which encamped in Fuzhou is still there and being no astiring sound ".As one kind of peculiar news, the extra reports are different from other forms of newspaper, such as special issue, column, supplement and attaching Zhang and so on. The extra is characteristic, form format to content. The format is conspicuous, which is both meticulously and perfunctory; Information content is both like general news and still diversity; As to publish, there are specially appointed and locality etc. The most peculiar, extra is existed as a kind of peculiar form of newspaper, which is edited besides the regular serial number of newspaper, therefore, a lot of newspaper office does not manage and preserve it perfectly. Besides, the publish of extra is regional and even some extras are published by individual, at the same time, the printing of extra is always a quota , as once as giving out, it stops. All of these characteristics lead to extra's sparse vector and imperfection. It is very difficult to find original copy of extra in general library. Sometimes, you maybe find a few, but which are only a small amount. Most of the extra are belong to collectors. As a result, the collectiom of extra is very difficult. What's more, Chinese newspapers'study on the extra focused on the end of the 20th century, especially in the new century. All of the study focused on the changes of extra's fuctions, new features, as well as the analysis of a specific extra. Most researchers are newspapers collectors, who are interested in the collection of extra, rather than journalism professionals. To the special circumstances of extra, making an combing and summing up, summarizing to the history of extra in Chinese newspapers right away is very necessary and valuable , which is the greatest challenge and a special of the thesis.The text of Chinese newspapers extra's history is beginning with ShenDaily, which has published a extra on August 6 , 1884, and also is exclusive now. So far, there are 125 years history of Chinese newspapers extra. During of these more than one century, the Chinese newspapers extra has been gone come into being and produced, developed and riped, now it has already reached the heyday. Review the extra's whole evolution, which is influenced by comprehensive factors, such as science and technology, politics and economy, etc. What's more, the extra of difference periods has its own characteristics. Science and technology are abundant terms that the extra produces and develops, the development of science and technology expedites the emergence of the extra and makes it develop. But with the development of science and technology, media shapes such as the newspaper, broadcast, TV, network appear together in succession and store of our country's media evolution, The final result will lead to the fact that the extra has passed out of existence with disappearance of the paper matchmaker. Politics is in very close relations with extra, which is content of an extra. The major event that the extra reflects relates to politics. Political steady period of big rise and big fall is always the period of extra sent frequently too. The most typical is the war communique in history. The relation between economy and extra is nonobviousness, but the economic, as a conduit wiring, is indispensable while the extra develops.Considering the three respect factors and Chinese history, the text divides the development of Chinese newspapers extra into four periods. Reached the early establishment period of the Republic of China in the latter stage of Qing Dynasty,"war communique"during Anti-Japanese War and war of liberation, policy newspaper from New China establishment to the end of"the Culture Revolution", Glad Tidings period in reform and opening-up over the past 30 years. The text has analyzed each periods of the extra separately with very great space. At last, it says that the total thinking of the vicissitude of Chinese newspapers extra is from"war communique"to"glad tidings".As to the function to Chinese newspapers extra, the text has been described too. In Chinese history, the extra appears frequently, which reflects the history and also is the shade of history. Besides, as a kind of special form of reporting in news evolution, the extra has the characteristic of the aspect of news, at the same time, the extra has certain propaganda function as a kind of printed matter distributed in special circumstances, also, with the changes of the times, the function had new intension. Particularly, Chinese newspaper extra has literature function, tells function and propagates function.For the extra, which naissanced as the supplementary of newspaper, its future thrust will withdraw from the stage of history together with disappearance of the paper matchmaker undoubtedly. In respect to the present stage, under the shock wave of the network, the timeliness of the extra has been already far backward. Because of its swift to produced, but its prominent characteristic challenge again and again, Most audience choose TV or network, which are more swifter, vivider, to get the news first time. The production space of the extra is smaller and smaller, most of them turn into the showing and ornamental ones, commemorate the extra of properties is in the majority, and mostly come with preparation. What's more, the extra now is no longer single one in form, but several edition, more than ten edition, dozens of thick newspapers of edition, these extras are already have no difference with the special issue, and deviated from its original intention of telling the commonalty of the most important news as soon as possible while emerging. Developing to the step, the extra has already totally deviated from its original intention, which is telling that the extra is withdrawing and disappearing. However, in limited period at present, the extra will also continue existing. Because the extra, as depending on the body of paper matchmaker, so long as matchmaker does not disappear for one day with paper, he will exist. The one that can't be doubted is, the appearance development and application in new technologies such as the multimedia, now, introduce the newspaper step by step on the stage of history, is forcing the extra to be " laid off " too.Chinese newspapers extra, which has developed for more than one century and has not disappearing yet at least. Except its history, there are still a lot of respects are worth studying. Because any things will not be unalterable. I expect that Chinese newspapers extra will develop well before its disappearance!...