| It has been common acknowledged that all-optical communication would be the prime method in optical communication systems. The integrated optical amplifiers can amplify the optical signal without any conversion on light to electricity. Optical signal amplification technology is the most effective method for the loss compensation. It is a milestone in the history of the development in optical fiber communication systems and a key to the realization of all-optical communications. Er3+ ion doped waveguide amplifier working at 1550nm communication wavelength is another promising one since the successful development of Er3+ ion doped optical fiber amplifier and semiconductor optical amplifier. In the field of integrated optical materials, polymer attracts much more attention because of its low loss, low cost, high electro-optic coefficient, small dielectric constant and low birefringence. In addition, the refractive index coefficient of polymer is similar to the standard fiber, so polymer is easily coupled with the output fiber. For these reasons enumerated above, much more attention has been paid to polymeric optical waveguide amplifier. By using photolithography combined with reactive ions etching, the organic polymer waveguide amplifier with erbium-doped polymer materials has been successfully fabricated. The relative gain of 0.94dB was obtained with the pump power added using our own laboratory test system. The main content is listed as follows:1. First, the development of integrated optics and optical amplifier technology has been reviewed. Compared with the three kinds of optical amplifiers, it is pointed out that erbium-doped waveguide amplifier is conducive to the integration of optical functions because of its advantages such as high gain per length, easy fabrication method, lower cost, low noise figure, small polarization correlation, no channel crosstalk and so on. A variety of integrated optical communication devices are successfully fabricated because erbium-doped waveguide amplifier could be integrated with isolation, phased-array waveguide, multiplexers, modulators, optical switches, optical cross connect and so on. Second, the dissertation analyzes the advantages of organic polymeric waveguide amplifier. Then the new research of the erbium-doped organic polymer materials and erbium-doped optical amplifiers at home and abroad has also been reviewed.2. The dissertation introduces the basic structure and working principle of the optical waveguide amplifier and calculates the absorption and emission cross section of the Er3+ ions. Under the circumstances of ignoring the excited-state absorption and matrix loss, considering the conditions of amplified spontaneous emission, a four-level system model for erbium-doped waveguides amplifiers (EDWA) is established and the rate and power transmission equations are solved using the Runge-Kutta and overlap integral method. Then, the gain and noise characteristics of the optical waveguide amplifier are numerically simulated. At last, the dissertation systematically discusses the influence of pump power, signal power, waveguide length and Er3+ ions concentration on the gain and noise. All the above show us that the numerical simulation and analysis have great important guiding significance on the design of optical waveguide amplifier.3. Using the same simulation method, a six-level system model for Er3+ -Yb3+ co-doped waveguide amplifier (EYCDWA) is established and the rate and power transmission equations are solved. Then, the influence of pump power, signal power, Er/Yb-doped concentration, overlapping factors and the up conversion coefficient on the gain and noise is systematically analyzed.4. Some kinds of erbium complexes such as Er(DBM)3Phen and Er(AcAc)3Phen are fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis method and the absorption and photoluminescence spectra of these materials are also measured. At the same time, it is seen from the photoluminescence spectra that the fluorescence emission peak of Er(DBM)3Phen is approximately three times of Er(AcAc)3Phen, so Er(DBM)3Phen is chosen to fabricate optical waveguide amplifiers in order to improve the overall characteristics of waveguide devices. The polymer materials of PMMA-GMA and Er(DBM)3Phen-PMMA-GMA are also fabricated and the thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient of polymer films are measured by using ellipsometry equipment so as to lay the foundation for the design of waveguide. Then, the dissertation introduces the fabrication processes of optical waveguide amplifier and the surface character of polymeric optical waveguide amplifiers is showed by the microscope photos.5. The property of optical waveguide amplifiers is tested by coupling the fiber to the waveguide directly. Then a system which is used to test the output signal and the gain of optical waveguide amplifiers is designed and constructed. Using this system, image of output light spot, relative gain of erbium-doped polymer organic waveguide amplifiers and Er3+ -Yb3+ co-doped inorganic waveguide amplifier samples have been tested. The results are as follows: the greatest relative gain of organic waveguide amplifier is 0.94dB, while that of inorganic waveguide amplifier is 7.06dB. From the test results, it has been educed that the relative gain of erbium-doped polymeric waveguide amplifier is smaller because of its low Er3 + ions, no incorporation Yb3 + ions and small luminescence efficiency, which is need to be improved and enhanced in the future work. |
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