Research On The Algorithm Of Extension Network Lifetime In Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor network(WSN),which is made by the convergence of sensor, nested computation, networks and wireless communication technologies, is a novel technology of acquiring and processing information. It is a late-model wireless networks of infrastructureless network and can be used for testing, sensing, collecting and processing information of monitored objects.The sensor network is a wireless Ad Hoc and consists of many sensor nodes. The sensors distributing over an area randomly organaize and reorganize themselves autonomously in response to task requirements or triggers from the environments.The excellence of sensor itself and the development of wireless communication give the sensor networls a very good application foreground .With the development of sensor network , wireless Sensor network can be applied in many areas such as military affairs, commerce, medical care, environmental monitoring, Scientists predict that sensor network will become an important part of daily life in our new era.Because of the particularity of the wireless sensor network and the impact on the future network, Many researches are carried on by a lot of domestic and international scholars. Although sensor network has a great future, a remarkable character, limited by energy, puzzles all the researchers and it has become the bottle-neck. How to save energy, especially to save energy for sending the data, and extend the life of network becomes a hotspot all over the world.There are different goals between sensor networks and traditional wireless networks. The latter is to get the largest bandwidth and guarantee QoS for users through optimizing routing and resources management in moving environment .While in sensor networks which in extremely or dangerous environments than human can't almost access, to enlarge their life circle is the most important issue.Wireless sensor network is a data-centric system, data can't be transmitted without routing protocols in network, the design of routing protocol for wireless sensor network need to consider that nodes have to unique global Id and limited energy. So the existing Ad hoc network routing protocols are not suitable for wireless sensor network. By the analysis of several routing protocols, we find there are some shortcomings. A specific routing protocol is needed.At present, the research on routing of sensor network has not benn efficiently evolved and materiality progressd,and also a large number of scholar still consider that sensor networks is the extension of wireless technology in sensor fields, such as take the ad hoc on. However,all those idea can't not provide efficient solutions and directions to routing problem of sensor networks.Firstly, this thesis introduces simply some routing protocols in wire networks and ad hoc, defines some measures and evaluates their performance.With the development of the location technology ,the nodes of the sensor network is often allocated location system .The algorithms of this paper is proposed with the premise that the nodes are allocated with location system and realize energy efficiency by valid information.This thesis introduces the development and applications of sensor networks, andIt's application fields. And the compared the different forms of reality of sensor networks.Then , many energy efficient algorithms is analyzed, The main works of this paper are following:(1)Many researchers have declared the fact that energy consumption will increase with the square of the distance that the data is transmitted for the wireless signals. And it will be exponent for the underwater acoustic communication. So short ranges multi-hop, rather than single hop, is widely used to save energy in sensor network. This paper analyzes the relation(s) among the transmission distance ,hop and energy consuming. We can get the graphic of the node energy consuming from the result(s). This paper proposes a best(optimal) hop routing algorithm combining auxiliary routing mechanism with energy consuming curve, which ensures the energy consumption is efficient and evenly in routing process .Compared to the classic flooding confined mechanism , this algorithm can save and balance node energy greatly ,which prolongs the lifetime of networks.(2)The backbone node can cover and connect the hole network by establishing VBN .when the backbone node is working the others can sleep .It's a very effective energy save mode by finding the maximum number of VBN and make them work in turn .How to find the maximum number of VBN is a complex problem. This paper analyses how to save energy by making use of VBN and proposes a math mode to find the maximum number of the VBN .(3)GAF which based on grid model can save energy efficiently, but there're a series of deficiencies in the algorithm ,for instance, the mode of node switch frequently, the grid consume energy unevenly, the routing protocol has not considered the traits of networks model and so on. Aiming to solve the problems presented above, the paper proposed a new routing algorithm, this algorithm can realize self-organized creating and dynamic adjusting topology, and form virtue backbone network on the topology to support entire data routing. High redundancy routing design principle is adopted so as to improve the reliability. And data fusion function is also included, in which each backbone network node fuse redundancy data gathered before spread. The algorithm is proved to fit grid model better and extend the lifetime of networks efficiently by simulations.