Measurement Of Ultra-short Single-photon Lifetime With Two-photon Interference

The ultrashort laser pulses have played a major role in physics, chemistry, biology and other fields, since it has been generated. Nowadays, the ultrashort pulse is one of the main means for ultrafast process. In the chemical field, the quantum control chemistry and femtosecond chemistry based on ultrashort pulse laser make people begin to study the fine chemical process and further understand the microscopic structure of matter. Nano-Microscopy with ultrashort laser pulses makes it possible to study the carrier dynamics in the nano-structure semiconductor, including the electron transport in the semiconductors in high electric field, hot electron relaxation and tunneling, and interaction dynamic of light and matter. With the ultrashort pulse, the transient voltage in large scale integrated circuits can be measured along any point and the transient phenomenon of the charge voltage in the nano-electronic devices can be observed. This provides a powerful tool for figuring out the physical mechanism of the limit of the high-speed performance in the Gaussian electronics, photonics, and photonic devices. In the field of biology people have the ability to study the process of energy transform, transfer and charge separation in photosynthetic reaction center, since the technology of difference absorption spectrum and the pump / probe has been realized with the femtosecond laser technology. The ultrashort pulsed laser is also playing an irreplaceable role in the study of energy conversion in DNA and surgery duration. With the development of quantum information science, ultra-short pulses also played a huge role in the realization of quantum teleportation, quantum communication and the quantum computing in the past 20 years.With the demand for ultrashort pulse applications, the technology of the preparation of ultrashort pulse has been tremendous developed in a few decades and the ultrashort pulse has been developed to the attosecond pulse from picosecond pulse, followed by the further demand for the measurement of ultrashort pulses. In order to accurately measure the pulse, people have adopted the photonelectric sampling, direct measurement method, the intensity autocorrelation, Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER), frequency resolved optical gating method (FROG), Grating-eliminated no-nonsense observation of ultrafast incident laser light e-fields (GRENOUILLE) and MIIPS methods which are further improved. The precision in the measurement has been tremendous improved from picosecond to femtosecond with the improvement of the technology which has been changed from photonelectric sampling method and direct measurement to SPIDER and FROG measurements which are widely used nowadays. However both in the SPIDER or FROG methods, there are certain requirements for the intensity so that how to measure the ultrashort ultraweak pulse, especially single-photon ultrashort pulse which is widely used in the field of quantum information, is still an unsolved problem.Based on the analysis of the indistinguishability of photons, we proposed a protocol of measuring the duration of ultra-short single-photon pulse with measuring the indistinguishability of the photons. With this protocol, we can precisely get both the duration time and the shape of a single-photon pulse. Further, we can extend to any distribution of this measurement of complex pulse shapes, but also produce better results.