Quantum Deterministic Key Distribution And Its Information-theoretical Analyses

Quantum cryptography is a novel one in the field of cryptography, which is based on quantum mechanics and classical cryptography. Compared with classical cryptography, its ultimate advantages are the unconditional security and the detection against eavesdropping. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a very important topic and application of quantum cryptography, which can make the communicators share secure key. However, the existing QKD protocols can only generate a random secret key instead of distributing the previously deterministic key. Focusing on the hot subject, i.e., QKD in the dissertation, we propose a series of quantum deterministic key distribution (QDKD) protocols to research the distribution of the previously deterministic key. Furthermore, the security of QDKD protocols is analyzed in detail from information theory. The main research results are as follows:According to quantum key handover, two QDKD protocols are proposed based on the authenticated quantum entanglement channel:one is that the communicators and channels are authenticated in advance, and then the deterministic key is transmitted to the receiver so as to guarantee the security of the key effectively; The other is that the deterministic key is transmitted based on quantum channel authentication protocol. Moreover, the security of the proposed QDKD protocols is analyzed in detail with information theory. It is shown that the security of the QDKD protocols based on the authenticated entanglement channel is identical to that of EPR protocol and both are unconditionally secure. The capacity of the transmission channel between the communicators is equivalent to that of classical binary symmetric channel. Two novel QDKD protocols are presented by utilizing Bell states and GHZ states, and then the security and efficiency of the proposed QDKD protocols are analyzed from the principle of quantum mechanics and information theory. By exploiting quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping, two QDKD protocols are presented to hand over the previously deterministic key to the intended receiver, and the security of the proposed QDKD protocols is fully analyzed from information theory. The results show that our proposed QDKD protocols can securely and effectively hand over the pre-deterministic key to the specific target. The QDKD protocols are the necessary supplement to the QKD protocols generating random key and of great significance in the field of key management.