An Analysis Of Mao Zedong 's Research On Heresy

Benjamin I· Schwartz is a famous American historian and political scientist, who is the masters-level academic of China studies in American. Schwartz accomplished his book of Chinese communism and the rise of Mao Zedong on base of his PhD thesis, he believed that in the narrow framework of Marxism-Leninism theory premise, it is difficult to understand the propositions of Maoist, Maoists is not the Orthodox Marxism, which is the "heresy" of Marxist-Leninist. British scholar Michle-Luke thought Schwartz is the first one in Western, who studied in the contradiction between Marxism-Leninism and the reality of China, also "just because of Benjamin Schwartz’s proposition led to long-term academic debate and research on the Marxist nature, origin and development of special form of Chinese revolution--Maoism". Indeed, after Schwartz proposed the "heresy", which has caused serious concern in the Western academic circles, while also in Chinese scholars. Therefore, deepening the study of MAO Zedong’s theory of "heresy" has great significance in academic exchange.This article is divided into five parts to comment Schwartz’s research on MAO Zedong’s theory of "heresy":Benjamin Schwartz is the first one in Western, who studied in the contradiction between Marxism-Leninism and the reality of China, the thought of early years and the main views of Schwartz’s research on Mao Zedong’s "heresy ", two times controversy around "heresy " between Western scholars, that is also the depth interpretation of Schwartz’s "heresy ", value comments of "heresy", several thinking about sinicization of Marxism on the base of "heresy".The first part, to introduce Schwartz’s main experience and academic background as well as making a simple combing and review of the writing background and status of the book "Chinese communism and the rise of Mao Zedong".The second part, to make a system analysis on Benjamin Schwartz’s Maoist strategy gradually depart from the traditional theory of Marxism-Leninism, argue that "Maoist strategy is essentially a dynamic political party, which is organized by Leninist principles, due to belief in some of the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism and is built on a sheer mass farmers". Maoist strategy deviated from the core foreseeable view of Marxism-Leninism on the relationship between party and class implements, political considerations played an important role in this process, and also to explore the ideological source of the Maoist strategy.The third part, Schwartz’s study of MAO Zedong’s theory of "heresy" triggered two western controversies. Right-wing pundits Witt Fogel, a professor at the thought of MAO Zedong thought and the Chinese revolution has no originality, entirely in making a victory under the guidance of Moscow, namely "Moscow is the Center"; Pelosi and Walter,the new left scholars, insisted that MAO Zedong thought is the concrete application and development of Marxism-Leninism, is the development strategy, which aimed at to realize the goal of Marx’s revolution in China, namely "Development of Marxist Theory"; Facing the criticism of two sides, Schwartz still insisted that MAO Zedong thought was "formed by efforts in a power struggle and to deal with existing doctrines that can not seen in the environment. It embodies a kind of efforts both in order to cope with the new environment, and to that of the old dogma forcibly ". Two controversies were doped with the complex political factors, made some biased judgment, but that didn’t prevent the contribution of the two controversies in exploring the essence of MAO Zedong thought.The fourth part, analysis the value of the theory of "heresy" proposition, points out that the theory of "heresy" propositions fully affirmed the originality of farmers as main body and the road of surrounding the cities from the rural in MAO Zedong thought, highlights the uniqueness of Chinese revolution road, which differ from the traditional way in Marxism-Leninism. However, the theory of "heresy" exaggerated the differences between MAO Zedong thought and Marxism-Leninism, didn’t see the inner development and inheritance relationship between them. The research achievements of Schwartz is under the influence of his research methods, such as comparative method, positivism method, grasping thinking method and literature method, etc.The fifth part, the theory of "heresy" sparked some thinkings about the sinicization of Marxism in Chinese scholars. Domestic scholars generally agree that MAO Zedong thought is essentially a form of "heresy" rather than "heresy" in real terms, in the process of the sinicization of Marxism. We should avoid to go to the real "heresy", on the one hand, the Marxism should integrate with Chinese conditions; on the other hand, promote the sinicization of Marxism in the human history consciously. The most important is to adhere that practice is the sole criterion for testing true or false "heresy".