Nash Equilibrium And Its Applications Based On Information And Optimization Analysis

On the foundation of systematically analyzing and summarizing the optimization principles and informatics principles, this paper first analyzes the basic model of Nash Equilibrium (NE) based on the viewpoint of optimization. Then it further discusses the essence of NE and studies the relationship between NE and UE (user equilibrium) as well as SO (system optimum). Next it points out that NE is a kind of UE optimization problem in essence, and finally an equivalent relationship between the conditions of NE and the Wardrop's principle is established. From the point of view of information, the conclusion that NE is not completely passive and thoroughly helpless is drawn. Under the role of information, NE can be broken and transforms in the ..direction that helps system improve. This paper puts forward the concepts of "good information", "bad information", "evolution of NE", as well as "degradation of NE". Measures using information and IT taken to break NE state are also studied.Through the analysis of the conditions which lead to NE, this paper further abstracts that non-cooperativeness, competitiveness, and helplessness of results are substantial characteristics of NE. It then popularizes the concept of NE and extends NE to any fields related to group activities.On the basis of analyzing the general law of NE, this paper gives emphasis on NE phenomena in educational field and management practice. It establishes NE models in exam-oriented education and puts forward measures to eliminate NE in exam-oriented education or to alleviate the hardship of helplessness. Through the analyses of free-market trading, transportation plan and management, as well as Braess paradox, it further reveals the generality of NE and the important role of information and IT in breaking NE state.The content of this paper and its results are helpful for acknowledging NE as an objective existence, for further understanding of natural and social phenomena of equilibrium, for raising the initiative and consciousness in management practice, for the research of social sciences, and give inspiration and guidance to managementtheories and practice in various fields.