The Reforming Research On Colleges And Universities' Accounting System From The Angle Of Loan Risk Precaution

Accounting system refers to the rules and regulations, procedures which the accounting work should follow. Its main work is to classify, record, and sum up the business transactions; what's more, it sets rules for analyzing, checking, and reporting.For colleges and universities, different accounting system will lead to different results. Generally, there are two accounting systems, one is cash basis, and the other is accrual basis. Cash basis takes receiving or paying cash as the standard to record the income realization and the expense occurrence. That is to say, it records all the expenses which pay cash on the current period's account book, no matter it should be compensated in the near future or not, and it records all the cash income on the current period even the income should be vested in the next period. Contrarily, even if the expenses or income vest in the current period, but there are no cash paying or cash receiving happen, they are not be recorded. However, accrual basis takes the right of receiving cash as the standard to verify income, and takes the responsibility of paying as the standard to verify expenses. That is to say, we should record the income or expenses if they should be vested in the current period, no matter we receive or paying cash or not. At present, the colleges and universities are using the accounting system which is issued in 1998, it mainly uses the cash basis, and it played a positive role in the early period.In recent years, with the unceasing deepening reform of our higher education system and public finance organization, the colleges and universities'internal and external environment of school system, funds origin have had deep transformation. Especially the loan question's appearance of the colleges and universities exposed the present colleges and universities accounting system's insufficiency.In 1999, in order to speed up the development of education, the government vigorously initiated the colleges and universities to increase the enrollment scale, and allow them to loan from bank. It brought a series of resources tense question because of some universities'too rapid expanding. A lot of colleges and universities start to seek help from the bank, and stepped onto the loan construction path, and gradually formed the wind of loan construction. According to incomplete statistics, the loan amount of the national ordinary universities had reach to 600,000,000 yuan. Though using the bank loan has solved the "fund bottleneck" during the development progress, it causes some colleges and universities to be in debt excessively, what follows it is the serious credit risk question. If we want to control the credit risk, we must analysis it first. The most important task of analyzing is to understand the colleges and universities'whole financial situation, and then to show the financial risk, and appraisal the repayment ability. Therefore, real and accurate accounting information is the important basis for the management layer to make loan decisions, and it is also important materials for the creditor to decide whether provides the loan or not. However, the present colleges and universities' accounting system can't reflect the related financial information completely, which has resulted the distortion of the financial information and made both the management layer and creditor can't get the right analyzing results. Therefore, if we want to guard against the colleges and universities'credit risk, reforming the colleges and universities'accounting system is the foundation and the key.Taking these into consideration, this thesis takes the colleges and universities'credit risk as its starting point, and put forward the accounting system reform plan which can adaptive the colleges and universities'risk guarding. This thesis mainly be divided into the following parts:The first part is the introduction of the whole thesis, which includes the significance of the thesis, the viewpoint of related thesis, and the innovation spots of the thesis.The second part is analyzing the reform necessity of the colleges and universities' accounting system. It includes two aspects:one is analyzing from the rationale, such as the risk management theory, balance theory and the system vicissitude theory. According to elaborates these theory's primary coverage and the viewpoint, it supports the argument to reform the accounting system. And the other one is analyzing from the realistic foundation, it proves the reform necessity of the colleges and universities'accounting system through elaborates their loan situation, the credit risk and the influence.The third part is a concrete study which analysis the loan risk analysis barriers which the present colleges and universities'accounting system causes. Colleges and universities' accounting system is one of the main reasons for the colleges and universities'loan risk form. The credit risk analysis is the important premise of.credit risk control. The most important task of analyzing is to understand the colleges and universities'whole financial situation, and then expose the financial risk, and appraisal the repayment ability. However, the financial information which the present colleges and universities'accounting system provides is not comprehensive and not accurate. It mainly reflects in the following aspects:accounting foundation question; accounting subject establishment question; fiscal statement system question.The fourth part is the concrete tentative reform plan. It is the key part of this thesis. This chapter proposes the accounting system reform plan from the aspects of accounting foundation, accounting subjects, and accounting record ways and so on.The last part is the case applied analysis. It uses the actual case to elaborate the reformed accounting system's application. And then to verify the positive effects it brings for the credit risk guarding.