| At present, the percentage of people who are over the age of 60 has exceeded 10% of the total population in China, signifying that China has entered the aging society. Besides, there is a trend that the aging population is gradually growing with China's rapid growth of economy, thus occurring the phenomenon that the whole society hasn't become rich, but aged first. It has become one of the contemporary society concerns and the research focuses that the thinking of taking preventive measures in China's outstanding traditional culture combines with the health and well being issues of the old. As an economical, cost-effective and important means, exercise, easy to spread, does good to the physical and mental health of old persons and reduces the social burden. It turns into a social concern of the people's livelihood. Purpose and Significance:The study chose three fitness projects Fitness Qigong, Tai Chi and Fitness Yangko as the research subjects. These three are representative and popular with the old. The study longitudinally discussed effects of the three fitness projects on physical and mental health of old persons and horizontally compared whether there existed the efficacy of fitness differences between the three projects, aiming at providing practical directions for them to choose the most suitable fitness projects according to the effects. What's more, the study will help to carry out service for physical and mental health projects of the old in aging society. Contents:The people who were studied would take exercise in the three fitness projects for 12weeks. The study longitudinally compared change effects on some aspects of these persons, such as body shapes, physical qualities, physiological functions, blood lipid indexes and mind feelings; and horizontally compared whether there existed the efficacy of fitness differences between the three projects. Objects and Methods:105 persons whose ages range from 60 to 69 were studied on a community morning exercise spot in Shi Jiazhuang, He Bei Province. They were randomly divided into three groups. Each group had 35 people. 17 people were shut out because of nonconformity to the limiting conditions before testing or unability to accomplish the test and insist on the whole exescise, so the final number was 88, respectively 26 in Fitness Qigong group, 32 in Tai Chi group and 30 in Fitness Yangko group. All of them were similar to each other in health and nobody were suffering from serious diseases. Voluntarily to be tested, they were required to take non-stop exercise every day under the leadership of the coach. However, they could live a life in the same way as before. They would take one-hour exercise of their corresponding projects three times a day about 12 weeks, and five days a week. Results:1. Body Shape Index:After the test, compared with the body shape index of the tested persons before testing, some indexes got very significant difference (P<0.01), such as weight, hip circumference, scapular skinfold, MBF, PBF, and BMI of the Fitness Qigong group; weight, scapular skinfold, arm skinfold, MBF and BMI of the Tai Chi group; weight, scapular skinfold, arm skinfold, MBF, PBF, and BMI of the Fitness Yangko group. Some indexes just got significant difference (P<0.05), such as PBF of the Tai Chi group; chest circumference,waist circumference and hip circumference of the Fitness Yangko group. Horizontally compared, there was no obvious difference in the three groups(P>0.05).2. Physical Quality Index:Also, some indexes of the tested persons got very significant difference (P<0.01), such as Standard sit-and-reach, 30s italic-and-push-up of the Fitness Qigong group; Standard sit-and-reach, grip strength, 30s italic-and-push-up, back strength of the Tai Chi group; grip strength, 30s italic-and-push-up of the Fitness Yangko group. Some indexes just got significant difference (P<0.05), such as choice reaction time of the Tai Chi group and 30s squatting sit-and-stand of the Fitness Yangko group. Horizontally compared, there was no obvious difference in the three groups(P>0.05).3. Physiological Function Index:Again, some indexes of the tested persons got very significant difference (P<0.01), such as vital capacity index of the Fitness Qigong group; systolic pressure and balance index of the Fitness Yangko group. Horizontally compared, there was no obvious difference in the three groups (P>0.05), so was each index of the Tai Chi group (P>0.05). 4. Blood Lipid Index:Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein of all persons in the three groups got very significant difference (P<0.01). The index of triglycerides of the three groups got completely different results, respectively, no difference in the Fitness Qigong group (P>0.05), significant difference in the Tai Chi group (P<0.05) and very significant difference in the Fitness Yangko group (P<0.01). Horizontally compared, there was no obvious difference in the three groups(P>0.05).5. Psychological Index:Anxiety level of all persons in the three groups got very significant difference (P<0.01). Depression level of the Fitness Qigong group and the Fitness Yangko group got significant difference (P<0.05). Horizontally compared, there was no obvious difference in the three groups(P>0.05), so was Depression level of the Tai Chi group(P>0.05) and so were self-rated health measurement of all the three groups(P>0.05). Conclusions:1.The old benefited a lot from the 12-week exercise of Fitness Qigong, Tai Chi and Fitness Yangko. The exercise beautified their body shapes, reduced their bodies'fat storage, improved the physical fitness and abnormal blood pressure, enhanced cardiorespiratory function and their mental health and significantly improved lipid levels and lipid metabolism, proving that these three kinds of exercise items have very positive effects on old persons.2.The fitness effect after 12 weeks exercise of Fitness Qigong, Tai Chi and Fitness Yangko to the seniors is significant, however the key point of every item is different. In Fitness Qigong group,the seniors'Body composition is relitively better ,and in taijiquan group, physical constitution and mental health are relitively better, in Fitness Yangko group ,the body shape and physiological function of the seniors are relitively better. 3.After twelve weeks exercise of fitness effects of Fitness Qigong, Tai Chi and Fitness Yangko .There is no obvious difference between them. This illustrate that the three kinds of exercises have the same effect on trainees. As the three kinds of projects are small and medium intensity exercise, fitness cumulative effect may take longer, this is needs in-depth study. Elder persons would choose any fitness project according to their interests, however, the most important thing is that they should keep on exercising.
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