The Study On Factors Affected Selecting Athletes And Athlete Cultivating For Men's Second Line Sprinting In Shanghai

Sprinting is one of the most exciting events among the modern Olympic sports. It plays an important role in the Olympic Games, Asian Games even the National Games. In 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, men's 100-meters sprint results was 9.5 seconds and 200m 19 seconds respectively, which was a new world record in the sprint sport. It made the sprinting sport a higher level. Looking at China's Olympic Games in the sprint project, it never won a medal. Yang Yaozu who is a famous 200-meter sprinting athlete in Shanghai team, is the first male heard the second gunshots in Olympic games. In Athen Olympic Games, he took part in the semi-finals with 20.69 seconds which created the history in Chinese track field. It gave great encouragement to Shanghai team. However, there is no higher breakthrough in the future. The reasons for these are manifold. The Second Line Sprinting which is special part in competitive mode of Shanghai, plays an vital role. To a certain extent, the quality of second-line athletes and athlete cultivating has a direct impact on the performance of sprinters in Shanghai.The author takes 120 second-line athletes in Shanghai as the study object and uses the literture, investigation, experiment and other research methods to study the factors affected selecting athletes and athlete cultivating for men's second line sprinting. The main conclusions are as follows:1) This study built the system on form, function, quality and psychology based on the scientific selecting of the 120 second-line sprinting athletes in Shanghai, which is under the guidance of the regression analysis method and gives a questionnaire on coaches. The results show that: (lower limb length A / height) * 100, body percentage, (thigh circumference / thigh length) * 100, [(lower limb B-calf length A) / calf length A] * 100, (ankle / tendon length) * 100 and buttock height are key indicators. The maximum power, average power, vital capacity / body weight and serum testosterone are key function indicators; 30m running, 60m running, weight-bearing squat, 10 standing long jump, one foot 15-meter jump and throwing after shot are the key quality indicators.Voice response, nervous type are key psychological indicators. The summarization on coaches'assessment are mainly includes: the reasonableness of running techniques, training attitude, understanding of athletes, sport motivation, willpower and athletes'flexibility and coordination.2) After the analysis on the key index of the second line male sprinters in Shanghai, we find that there are special characteristics of the sprint events: multi-dimensional, three-dimensional characteristics. The requirement on athletes'physics are showed in the congenital physical limited factors (lower limb length, hip height) reflected in completing action structures and the height on bone quality, a high degree body composition. The requirement on athletes'functions focuses on the energy metabolism system and shows in anaerobic capacity. And the requirement on athletes'physics mainly reflected in speed, speed endurance and quick force. Sprint athletes require a high degree requirement on training, competition motivation, self-confidence and will capacity on athletes.3) The structural characteristics of the second line male sprinters in Shanghai are: the morphological category performs the sturdy trunk, lower limb developed, long lower limb and low body fat; Functional category performs the high anaerobic capacity, cardiopulmonary function, and high levels of male hormones ; the quality category performs the high speed, the superior strength outbreak.; psychologics performs high requirements on sound response, strong motivation to succeed, good attention to the self-confidence, ability to restraint and strong patience.4) The most important factor to influnce the second line men's sprint athlete cultivating in Shanghai is the social environment. It becomes an important factors to affect the athletes with family environment, training and competition environment factors and networks. To choose the athletes in a scientific way is also an important factor to impact the athlete cultivating. It main performs in protective factors in the selecting athletes, mental factors, physical health factors, scientific researches and the potential selection factors. The factors impacted cultivating athletes are: incentives and security factors, the level of coaches and their strategies. 5) The second line male sprint selection in Shanghai is a dynamic process. It has close relationship with cultivating athletes. They are the purposes of each other. Human genetics, growth and development of children, the law of sports talents, sprint performance of the project structure of the competitive ability and psychology are the theoretical basis of the second line cultivating men's sprint in Shanghai selection. Social environment, family environment, material level, coaches and athletes'awards situation, environment for the growth of athletes are the main factors to affect the athlete cultivating.