Relations Between Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effects And Athletes' Character And Goal Orientation

Body self-concept of athlete has important meaning to his following achievements.But according to the Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effects(BFLPE) theory which was put forward by Marsh,the high level companion environment will lower an individual's self-concept.Meanwhile, researches in education domain have indicated that not everybody will be affected by BFLPE,that is,the influences of BFLPE to dissimilarity individuals are different.However this kind of difference is free from the influences of the factors,such as gender,age,ability,and etc. This hint us,maybe,there' re some relations between BFLPE and some stable personality characteristics of athlete,such as character and goal orientation etc.In present study,EASDQ(Chinese version),EPQR-BV(Chinese version),and TEOSQ(Chinese version) which have good reliability & validity were used as instruments for test.Participants were 302 athletes,who came from 14 different level sport teams over the country. Demographic,such as gender,age,and etc.was also collected.Athlete' s personal best performance was turned into standard score according to IAAF Scoring Tables.After that,hierarchical linear models were conducted to examine BFLPE and its impact factors.Results indicated that BFLPE exist in competitive sports domain. Body self-concept(excluding Body dimension) of athlete relates to not only the level of himself but also the level of his team.And the influence of team level is negative.The influences of the factors upon BFLPE,such as gender,age,character and goal orientation etc.,are different.First, BFLPE is infected by gender.Comparing with their female peers,male athletes are negatively infected by BFLPE.While the age factor is not infective to BFLPE.Second,BFLPE is infected by neuroticism.Comparing with their peers,low neurotic level(emotion steady) athletes are negatively infected by BFLPE.While the extraversion factor is not infective to BFLPE.Third,BFLPE is infected by task orientation. Comparing with their peers,low task orientation athletes are negatively infected by BFLPE.And BFLPE is also infected by ego orientation. Comparing with their peers,low ego orientation athletes are negatively infected by BFLPE on Mental and Perform dimensions,but would be less subjected to the negative influence of BFLPE on Body and Anaerobic dimensions in the same time.In present study,BFLPE and its impact factors are simultaneously detected the field of competitive sports.In future study,the exploration of other relative factors,and the practicle methods of reducing the negative influence of BFLPE are highly encouraged.