A Study On The Problems And Countermeasures Of The Service For And Administration Of Floating Population In China

With the process of the industrialization and urbanization after the reform and opening up, the existence of the floating population is the inevitable social phenomenon. And it expresses the development of the society in our country. Nowadays, the services and managements for the floating population have many problems in the aspects of ideology, the management system, the way of management as well as the law and regulations. The services and managements for the floating population are the key and difficult problems of the constructions and managements of the society. With the deepen development of the reform and opening up and speeding up of the industrialization and urbanization, the services and managements for the floating population come forth a lot of new conditions and problems.By analyzing of the reality, this thesis thinks that the floating population can be defined by the narrow and broad sense. In the broad sense, the floating population refers to the activities in different terrains, and the current places are not what the Household Register belong to. In the sense of narrow, so-called floating population is the people who left the places of the Household Register for other places to live for a while and is engaged in some professions and gain money for living. In China, the floating population mainly consists of peasant workers who are the important participators of the construction of economy, policy, culture and society. Meanwhile, they are the main objects of the service and management of floating population. Based on the way of the floating, floating population can classify into three types, the first types is ephemeral residence, ie. the floating population of leaving and staying in a short time. The second type is the resident for obtaining employment. That means these persons will staying and leaving in an uncertain time. The third type is the people who staying and leaving in a cycle time. The number of labor force in countryside who leaving hometown to go to business and social service increased rapidly in the sense of floating number, and in the sense of different industries, the form of labor-intensive is the main industry to change; in the sense of regions, the central and west regions is the main part of the floating population; in the sense of culture, educational level of the peasant workers increase continuously.The floating population offsets the limitation of the labor force construction in the city, boosts the process of urbanization. However, it also brings some problems of resource collocation, social security, safe production and the city construction. Firstly, the increases of the rate of crime bring threat and challenge to the social security. Secondly, the burden of the city management becomes heavily and causes the overload usages of the fundamental construction in the city and challenges the carrying capability of the city. Thirdly, it is hard to carry out the policy of sanitation and antiepidemic. With the increase numbers of the floating population, they have a great requirement and expectation to the service and management. They hope to accustom to the local environment as soon as possible, share the achievement of the development of the reform and society, ask for maintaining the right of their own and tend to more clear and strong in expressing lawsuit rationally and legally.Compare with the new situation and duty, the service and management of the floating population have a lot of problems. First is the problem of the ideology. Many local governors still see themselves as manager, resisting the external population. They still in the primary situation pursuing the controlling of the population, frightening the difficulties, and have serious emotions of repulsive. Second are the problems of management system. The service management of the government focuses on the population of regular residence. The management of floating population does not form a mature system from central government to local government. And the whole society does not participate and manage in it. The third is the problems of method of management. The government treats the floating population as heavy charge, slight management and service. They still use the old-fashion method in the method of service and management, lacking the pragmatic and available step. The forth is the problem of law and regulations. The service and management need some uniform law and regulations, lacing the insurance for them.In order to strengthen and reform the service and management of the floating population, they must insist in fairly treatment, good service, rational direction, and perfect management policy and emphasis both on management and service so that to develop the service and management of the floating population harmoniously. The first step is reforming the ideology and changing the management from controlling to service. They should hold on the people oriented policy, treat everybody equally, and establish the idea of perfect policy and service foremost. The second step is innovating the way of thinking in work, perfect the step of service and management of the floating population. They should strengthen government functions and strengthen public services and actively take the period of economic restructuring and institutional convergence of the new policy and the new approach, set up with China's national conditions to explore the flow of population in public service system, set up the flow of population to adapt to new social management system. They should innovation and improve service management measures to implement the "housekeeping" of the new approach, and actively explore the establishment of Rental Housing Association tax mechanism, form the strong team of major flows of population ministrant, promoting the movement of civil population cultivate self-government organizations and development. The third step is constructing the information; intensifying the efforts to make full use of means of information to strengthen the management, to further enhance the flow of population information management, information networks and integrated information resources, to enhance the flow of population dynamics of service management and information management. General construction to speed up the flow of population management information system, expand the flow of population information collected input channels, set up with the outflow of population flows to the exchange of information between systems. Fourthly, we should deepen the reform of household registration system, and promote the normal flow of population. And further relaxation of the household registration policy to speed up the localization process of the floating population, and gradually set up legal permanent residence to the basic access conditions for the account transfer system. The progressive introduction of a residence permits system so that the floating population can enjoy the same treatment as local residents. Citizens to explore the implementation of social security card system. Life in the same social security card bases on population changes in response to changes in information. The fifth step is to strengthen the rule of law on education of the floating population and the law and order control, reduce the occurrence of criminal situation. Strengthening the rule of law publicity and education, improve the legal awareness of the floating population. Enhance the flow of high-risk groups in the population control, and strengthen supervision of rental housing, the establishment of law and order in the management of floating population in a long-term mechanism. Six is to improve the laws and regulations, implementation and management of floating population in the service of the rule of law. Gradually develop a single and unified and authoritative legal system of the floating population will be mainly administrative management of floating population gradually to the legal system, standardization, and market-oriented changes in the orbit. They should formulate a national population of mobile service management laws and regulations; improve the flow of population to maintain the legitimate rights and interests of the laws and regulations strengthen the control of the rental housing legislation. Seven is to accelerate the establishment of the mechanism to ensure funding to ensure that the flow of services and population management measures. Budget at an additional expenditure of subjects, the mobile population and Management Services scope of funding included in the budget so that funding for services and legal protection, standardization, and institutionalization.