On Ideas Of Faculty Systems In China, America And Germany

The faculty systems in China have been reformed for a new round in past years. With the push of the reform, new problems emerged ceaselessly. How to see the old and new problems and how to continue the reform is a tough task confronted with the administrators of higher education. Comparing the faculty systems and ideas of systems in China with that in developed countries, probing into the experiences of developed countries and seeking ask for effective measures for faculty system reform in China is the obligatory mission of our theory researchers.The research revealed that Germany successfully combined the idea of academic freedom with the idea of economic ration in faculty systems by establishing a set of systems based on habilitation, private lecturer and chair system. A set of faculty systems characterized by"up or out"and tenure system were established in America. The academic labor market with drastic competition created by the whole set of systems manifests the power of the idea of economic ration. The great power held by academic community and the tenure system reveals the influence of the idea of academic freedom. To some degree, the changing course of the faculty systems in America is the fighting course of the two kinds of ideas. By exploring the history of the faculty systems in China, we can see that the standards of appointing faculty, the method of evaluating and the way of managing faculty in China embody the idea that"a person who has strong academic ability could be an official". The education administration system reform implemented in 1980'made the idea of economic ration embodied in the faculty systems. Nowadays, the power of the idea of economic ration becomes stronger in all three countries. In Germany and America, the balance between academic freedom and efficiency is the main target in designing the faculty systems. In china, the values of Utilitarianism implied in the idea of economic ration and"official standard"embedded in the idea that"a person who has strong academic ability could be an official"are congested everywhere in campus, but the value of academic research itself was ignored, which is the real causation for explaining why kinds of problems exist in faculty systems. Therefore, getting back the original value of university and cultivating the idea of academic freedom is the first step to assure the reform successful. Abolishing the administration hierarchy system and strengthening the power of scholar community are feasible ways.