Reform Course And Development Trend Of Activity Curriculum In China During The Last 20 Years

Integrated activity curriculum is a new kind of curriculum, which takes students' interests and direct experiences as a foundation, takes all kinds of realistic, comprehensive, practical questions connected with students' study and social life as contents, takes inquiry learning as the major way of learning in order to develop students' innovation spirit, practical abilities and comprehensive use of knowledge as its main goal. Its breeding and development, through extracurricular activity, the second classroom, the second channel, activity and activity curriculum, shows the value pursuit in developing students' innovation spirit and practical abilities as well as historical course of our country's curriculum reform. This advancement and the world curriculum reform trend is closely linked, which is a huge promotion to our country's curriculum theory construction and curriculum practice.Since 1980s our country's activity curriculum approximately experiences the following three stages: extracurricular activity, activity curriculum and integrated activity curriculum. The wide development and prevalence of extracurricular activity began in the 18th -19th century in the west. In 1981 the Ministry of Education issued "The Full-time Five-year-system Primary School Teaching Plan (Revised Draft)", which first included extracurricular activity in the teaching plan. Extracurricular activity is educational, voluntarily selective, and practical, etc. Activity curriculum began with "Nine-year Compulsory Education Full-time Primary School, Junior Middle School Curriculum Plans " issued by the State Commission for Education in November,1992. Its basic characteristics are practicality, independency, comprehensiveness and openness. In 'The State Council Decisions about Reform and Development of Elementary Education" issued in May, 2001, integrated activity curriculum became a required course in the new elementary education curriculum systems. It is comprehensive, practical, open, productive and independent, etc.Integrated activity curriculum is a kind of practice of criticism, reconsidering, inquiry, communication which students independently carry on under their teachers' guidance, a kind of practical curriculum which takes students' experience and life as the core. It is not other curricula's assistances, but a kind of relatively independentcurriculum with unique function and value. Its contents mainly include: information technology education, inquiry learning, community service and social practice as well as labour and technique education. Integrated activity curriculum is based on the dialectical materialism epistemology, the objectives of quality education, the constructivism theory and the theory of multiple intelligences .The harmonious realization and unified development of knowledge and skill, process and method, emotion, attitude and value are three dimensions of integrated activity curriculum goals, but the value orientation of "the perfect person development" is a direction which it pursues diligently.The implementation of integrated activity curriculum is the key which it proceeds. We must guarantee the reasonable design and careful organization of curriculum development, design, implementation, evaluation in order to realize value pursuit and the three dimensional goals. Integrated activity curriculum resources development should focus on the activity goals, the principles of moderation and circumstances permit. Integrated activity curriculum mainly adopts the design pattern of "subject activity ". Its implementation must appropriately deal with the contents arranged by school and productive goals or productive subjects in the process of activities; deal with students' independent choice, voluntary practice and their teachers' effective instruction; conformity of contents in various fields. We should pay attention to integrated activity curriculum evaluation on subject, process, formation and development, causing it to be the basic power to realize integrated activity curriculum goals.Although integrated activity curriculu...