| The classroom teaching activities always take place with the conditions of some rules and institutions. The rule and institution in the classroom restrict, define and conduct the behavior of teacher and student And they make the teaching activity regular. The previous researches about this field often come from the scope of the classroom management researches, psychology researches and sociology researches. The cultural anthropology has the different research horizon with them. It sees culture as the most intrinsic and most particular thing of human being. This essay tries to investigate the rules and institutions in the classroom with the horizon of cultural anthropology. That is to say, on the foundation of qualitative research, this essay discovers the problems about rules in the classroom with the methods of participation, interprets the cultural reasons behind the phenomenon, and understands them with the ways of deducing the traditional culture.The question determines the method. The nucleus of this essay is the institutional culture in the classroom. There are two main clues about this question: one is the institutional culture, the other is the classroom. The former determines the methods of documentary research and theory research. We can give our own standpoint about the institutional culture in the classroom as only as we analyze the conception of culture and institutional culture. The later determines the methods of field work, thick description, interview and so on. As only as we go into the concrete teaching situation, we can research the classroom thoroughly and profoundly.By this thought, this essay analyzes the rule system, organization system and concept system of the classroom institutional culture in the Hua-Guo little school in turn. It points out that, there are two different types of classroom institutional culturein this school: one is the type of outside molding, the other is the type of inside growing. And the outside molding is the main type in this little school. The teacher controls the classroom highly by the positive means of setting up example, employing the effect of classroom leader group, and by the negative means of punishment to the body and soul. These cause the mode of teachers' classroom management, which is controlling, commanding and dominating mainly. This essay interprets the origin of this phenomenon from deducing our country's traditional culture. From the standpoint of cultural contradiction theory, it analyzes the negative influences of the traditional culture on the teachers, parents and classrooms. They are: the idea about teacher which refers to the teacher has the supreme authority; the idea about family culture which values control and obedience; the idea about student which refers to the nature of human being is evil; the idea about study hard which refers to it need to be controlled by the outside circumstance. At the last, this essay proposes that, the source of the problem about the classroom institutional culture in Hua-Guo little school is not to respect the human beings really. Therefore, the key to change the situation is that, to understand the essence of human beings from the standpoint of culture, to respect the culture being of them, respect their concept, interest, propensity, need developed from their culture, and to construct the teacher-student relationship which is democratic and equal. |
