Inquiry And Analysis On Theory And Practice In School Normal Education Of Lipman's Philosophy For Children

There are a series of problems and puzzles in American schools from the end of 20 century, such as the declined quality of teaching; the decrease of teachers' whole diathesis; the proliferation of violence in school; and the discontentment from patriarch and society increased steadily. In April 1983, the education committee of high quality in America published an important report called "A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform". It reflects externally that the people in American are worried about the future of the nation, and they hope to reform the education urgently. Under this background, Matthew Lipman's philosophy for children began to be popular in America.Lipman animadverts on the variety of abuses in school education; at the same time he puts the aim in school normal education. In his view, it is normal education that brings such many problems in school education and indeed in the society. However, the key problems of normal education are the wrong planning in the aim of normal education, and the contents and children's experiences are out of joint, and the teaching method is formalization and simplification. If we go behind the ingrain of this problem, we should find that, the problem of school normal education either rests with the depart from the status of children's main part, and ignores the basal fact that child can gain the knowledge and experiences when they join in the idiographic experience actions. Besides, it desalts the main function of the training of thinking and ability in forming process of child's normal concept. Lipman's philosophical education for children, and his theory and practice in school normal education, get more attention not only in America, but also in the world. Until the end of 20 century, it comes an upsurge with studying, researching and extending.Nowadays, China begins to think much of Lipman' s philosophicaleducation for children, and some study results are published one after another. But in the mass, these studies are lack of systematization, especially in normal education.In this paper, the author puts the keystone on the Lipman's school normal education. One idea is that the author wants to introduce the thought of Lipman's school normal education into our country, hoping to make up the researching lack today. Another idea is the author wants to bring many people to pay more attention to those characteristics in Lipman's theory and method, and cause thinking the problem in school normal education of our country, in order to get some enlightenment and be used for references.Therefore, the author of this paper uses documentary method, comparative method, ingredient analysis method, observing method, and visitation method, and so on, which are based on collecting and coordinating lots of China and foreign countries' datum. Around the forming ingredient, basal connotation, and method and approach, the author does a systematic and in-depth research. This paper includes three parts:Part I: Summary. Analyzing the reasons of forming Lipman's schoolnormal education: It involves practical philosophy and social education. And then analyzing the aims and contents of Lipman's school normal education.Part II : In this part, expatiating how to bring the school normaleducation effectively, and how to evaluate it.Part III : In this part, according to innovation and limitation, the author appraises the theory objectively. And emphasizing the paper's latent once again in order to offer the use for references of a kind of thinking or method to China.