Research On The Muscle Character In The High Jump Taking-off Process From The Springboard

It is proved by exercise practice that, the technique and movement speed of high-jump athletes are both affected markedly by special strength. The level of special strength training can be the criterion of the athletes'training and competitive competence level. In this essay, we adopt the instrument of Sports measure and analyze system and electrophysiological surface electro-muscle-graph, to do research on the muscle character in the taking-off process from the springboard, especially the muscle character of taking off leg during the period of bending and stretching. At the same time, we make a comparison between this and the technical character of high-jump taking-off skills to find the similarities and differences between them. As a result, we can provide evidences for further works, such as applying effective specific training methods, solidifying skills, developing special strength, consummating the cooperation of nerve and muscle, and maximizing the training effect.In this essay, we choose 4 top-ranking high-jump athletes as our researching objects. We apply Motion Pro X-4 high speed vidicon and BIOVISION electro-muscle collecting system to do research on the objects'movement and the surface electro-muscle-graph of their muscle during the period of taking off leg's bending and stretching in taking-off process from the springboard. We compare this with high-jump movement and try to make some comments on the training methods.The conclusions and suggestions are as follows:1. In the taking-off training on diagonal springboard, the angle of those 3 articulations on the taking-off leg has a trend of"first lessen then increase". The extensor group completes a shrink of"stretch-shorten-ening cycle", which likes the high-jump exercise. We can draw a conclusion from this that, the training can meet the needs of special strength exercitation.2. The taking-off time is shortened by diagonal springboard, meanwhile, during the taking-off process, the barycenter's vertical speed and whole speed is faster than high-jump taking-off. But the taking-off leg's vertical speed is positive when it touches the ground. As a result, we should make it clear that, the advantage of diagonal springboard is giving the athletes the feeling of fast taking-off, and the disadvantage of it is the side effect on high-jump taking-off cushion training.3. Comparing with high-jump taking-off training, the diagonal springboard taking-off training can reduce the joint angle's change extent of coxa joint and knee, and rise the anklebone's, which can do good to the training on anklebone's strength.4. The muscle works similarly in diagonal springboard taking-off and high-jump taking-off process, that is to say, the vastus laterals, vastus medialis and tibialis anterior muscle works the most, and the biceps femoris, soleus, gastrocnemius second, followed by the rectus femoris.5. The sequences of muscle's movement in diagonal springboard taking-off and high-jump taking-off training are different, and different objects have different characters in their muscle movements.Suggestions:1. The diagonal springboard taking-off practice can meet the requirement of high-jump special strength training. The coaches can train the athletes in this way according to their characters, in order to develop their barycenter's vertical speed, ability of fast taking-off and cooperation between muscles of taking-off leg.2. Nowadays in China, there are few researches done on high-jump surface electro-muscle, as a result, there isn't an effective way to analyze this item. What's more, we should discuss more on the statistics'acquiring and analyzing. Because of the influences by the objects'skills, their thickness of fat under skin, the temperature and so on, the sequences and individual characters of muscle movements are different. In conclusion, the coaches must train the athletes in appropriate ways according to their characters.