The Transfer Research Based On Problem Similarity In Physical Problem-Solving

Problem-solving ability, is an important goal of Middle School Physics Teaching. In order to improve students' problem-solving ability, researchers have developed a variety of methods. Among these, Learning Transfer Theory is used widely. However, in discipline teaching research field, most of researches about learning transfer are still in the stage of philosophical thinking, even teacher's summary of experience. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a quantitative standard, which can be used to judge the difficulty of transfer between questions. Then, we can discuss how to promote problem-solving by promoting learning transfer.Based on researches of problem solving and learning transfer in cognitive psychology field, we choose two types of problems as background, one is the problem of physical simple rules, the other is the problem of physical complex models. Our research process includes three aspects. First, on the basis of analyzing the similarity degree between source and target problems, drawn up appropriate questionnaires. Second, through the questionnaire and interview, get the effect of learning transfer in physical problem solving. Third, obtain the difficulty of transfer between questions and the main factors that affect the transfer by the analysis of the results.Research shows that:according to degree with source problems from surface characteristics to the essential relationship, target problem can be divided into four levels of similarity such as semantic similarity,feature similarity,relational similarity and structure similarity. From semantic similarity to structure similarity, transfer difficult will increase. In addition, the sample (source problem) choice, the understanding of knowledge and transfer strategy, all the three have an important role in learning transfer.