The Concept And Source Of "Person" In Constitutionalism

This article aims to tap the constitutional theory of "person" concept and its content, and makes this issue a review of the history of thought, comes to the fundamental differences between classical political philosophy and modern political philosophy and, with a view to have a constitutional profound grasp. This article Includes three parts: the introduction , the text, ang the conclusions, the main body has five chapters.Introduction of the first, the author resort the content of constitutionalism , respectively, from the system level and concept level reached its meaning. Constitutionalism on system level is limits to legislation,and protection of minorities;however,the connotation of the concept of constitutional dimension of modern political philosophy is the ultimate ideal. Connotation of the constitutional basis of carding, the main problem in this paper: "where does the concept 'person' in constitutional theory come from?" The body of the first chapter, the author recalls the period of ancient Greece about "person" consider, respectively, to Socrates, Plato, Aristotle analyzed as an example. Socrates believes that people are rational and moral existence, are in constant self-reflection of the main achievements; Plato put forward a "triple soul" theory, he thought that the soul consists of three parts, namely, rational, passionate and desires ,as the basis for the construction of its own "Utopia"; Aristotle saw the political side of a person, considered the nature of people are rational and political unity.The body of the second chapter, the authors reviewed the Hellenistic period about "person" consider, the main object of the analysis are stoic and Epicurean doctrine. Stoical in the context of Alexander's empire, to consider human nature from the political level, the commitment to the contemplation of the universe, peace and soul. Epicurus and the immortal nature of the world have had doubts and confusion that the world is dying, the people there is also a chance, a subconscious, so they focus on the joy of the soul and calm at the time of death.The body of the third chapter, the author reviews Christianity on the "humanity" . Christian opinion about the people are: one, the person entrusted with original sin; two, original sin is salvation; three, life's purpose - to save his own soul; four, the soul-saving ways - to do good; Five, equality concepts; six, beliefs. The author then analyzes the Augustine about the relationship between reason and faith, as well as the relationship between soul and body of opinion. Finally a summary to do.The body of the fourth chapter, the author focuses on the political philosophy of the modern mission of the Three Represents, Hobbes, Rousseau, Marx thought the three men. Hobbes put forward two axioms of human nature - self-vanity and fear of death; Rousseau noted the emotional question of ontology, Marx proposed the "alienation" theory. They all point to the main idea of "freedom", and since then has carried out no major thinkers have constructive reflection. So the author may freely come to the end of human nature means that such a conclusion.The body of the fifth chapter, the author analyzes the theory of human nature and the relationship between political theory and how theories of human nature introduced by the process of political theory. Analysis of the main three are the soul of the target country and ideals, as well as two of the relationship between justice and Leviathan, as a part of the body of the final.The concluding part, the author cites a part of an article of Mr. Qiang Shigong references for some discussion to proceed, the political philosophy of classical and modern political philosophy of the distinction between questions, and then conducted a brief History of the idea, put forward the struggle between old and the re-demarcation: The emergence of Christian thought as a dividing line. And analysis of how modern political philosophy of the basic questions of human nature, and finally to "Perhaps not the end of humanity?" As its theme to express the author's expectations.