Marx's Theory On The Developing Path Of Orient Society In His Later Years

Arguing on the history,status and developing path of orient society, like Russia,China,India and so on, was once laid in the corner of Marx' historical materialism. Marx didn't show enough understanding and respect to orient countries early, but gave more attention on some developed countries of west Europe. The research on the history and status of west Europe lead to a series of theories of Marx' historical materialism, which help Marx revealed that the society would experience three stages, including capitalism,pre-capitalism and sublation of capitalism, on the basis of the law of contradictions between productivity and production relations.Marx applied the social development mode from the research of west Europe to orient society, and so draw a conclusion that the orient countries would walk toward capitalism in different ways like west, and then break out socialist revolution worldwide. Although the west's colonization on orient countries brought huge humanitarian catastrophe, but Marx steadily abandoned the humanitarian scale, and argued that the colonization play an important role in breaking the traditional social system and cultural atmosphere of orient countries and spreading the value and the mode of production of capitalism. So, in the perspective of the overall development of human society, the progress of history in sacrifice of human should still be praised.But after a large number of research on anthropology books in old age, and with the decline of labor movement and steady development of capitalist society in The late nineteenth century, Marx started to examine the previous theories. After some serious research on Russia, Marx raised many different conclusions, like non-continuous development of productivity, the across combination between productivity and production relations, the non-unified development path of history and so on, and finally argued that Russian village might bound of "Caudium Gorge"and directly walk into the stage of socialism. Now, Marx refused to sacrifice the interests of human in the name of historical progress, but hoped to avoid the injuries and derogatory on human's value brought by capitalism through the leapfrog development of society, which demonstrates that Marx truly combined the productivity criterion with the measure of human's value in his later years when exploring the development path of orient society.This article follows the footsteps of Marx's thinking, reveals Marx's ideological inspiration in his rethinking of previous theories, observes the socialist revolutionary movement in the twentieth century according to it, and provides reference for the socialist construction of China in the new situation.