The Cause Of Nixon Administration Changing The Policy Toward China

In the end of 1960's, on the reality that America was descending, Nixon Administration, facing the situation that Soviet was aggressing fully in the whole world, made a shocking decision to change the former policy of isolation and blockage and suppressing towards China and re-develop their relationship with an attitude of equality, amity and comprehension. This decision not only ended mutual hostility which had been more than 20 years in the past between China and U.S., but also produced the more important influence on international structure and form at that time, and even later. Historically, this heroic action did not turn out to be "strategy for gaining time" and the tool that eliminated the crisis for the American politicians and became a flash in the pan, but opened a new era named" peace and development" for world topic. So the discussion about the reasons for changing the policy of Sino-treating of Nixon's Administration can help us comprehend the cause and the effect of the many problems in Sino-American U.S. relationship today. As a result, the study of this problem has an important realistic meaning.The thesis, following the track of materialistic conception of history, combining the historical research methods and the theories of the international political science, investigates synthetically the reasons of Sino-treating policy of Nixon's Administration and analyzes the policies inherited and changed. The thesis focuses on the three main reasons that affected Nixon's Administration to change Sino-treating policy and a dialectic analysis on some concrete problems with a hope of a breakthrough. This thesis comprises three parts: the preface, the main body and the remark.The preface mainly illustrates the motive of this problem and the domestic and international research condition of this problem at present. Nixon's Administration opened the logjam in Sino-American relationship. In a way, it alleviated the widespread nervous atmosphere in the whole world that resulted from the Cold War and was praised by the most peace-loving people. Research on this problem is abundant in our country, and those of the foreign academic articles enriched our understanding. Because the ages and the views of argument are different, research on this problem is not synchronous with ages. The author will make further research in this thesis on the basis of a great deal of data and information and try hard to make a breakthrough.The main body is made up of four parts. The content comprises Sino-treating policies of all the previous American governments from the end of the World War II to Nixon's Administration, Sino-treating policy of Nixon's Administration and a discussion and analysis of the three main reasons for Nixon's Sino-treating policy, the international situation, the foreign policy of the American Government and Nixon Administration's new Sino-treating strategy.The first part discusses the evolution of Sino-treating policy of all the American previous governments, the American governments'policies of isolation, blockage and inhibition towards in the periods of Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson. With the increasing intensity of the Cold War, all the American previous governments basically were still maintaining an"inhibition policy"to China, but they had different expressional forms. In the following it discusses the process of Nixon's government opening the relationship with China with a focus on Détente.The second part focuses on the influence of international situation upon the policy at that time and which is the first reason discussed in this article, including the worst results from the Cold War thoughts and policy chronically carried out by the United States, namely the Vietnam war, the challenge of the old opponent the Soviet Union, the change of the objective condition, the rising of China. The variety of the international situation gave Nixon's Administration both challenges and opportunities. The Hot war in Vietnam and Cold War with Soviet Russia for years had already made the United States utterly exhausted. Exactly, China that had been taken as enemy in the past became"omnipotent card"that the American government opened the logjam.The third part delivers that the foreign policy of the United States requested a changes in Sino-treating policies. It places emphasis on the "Nixon Doctrine", "the balance of power policy" and the important function of China. Facing both the challenges and opportunities, Nixon's Administration must find the answers to the problems on the basis of reality and future. In the beginning, the"Nixon Doctrine"aimed at solving the problems of Asia area, but then expanded to the whole globe. Nixon and Kissinger started to act freely on the international stage with a kind of thinking of"balance of power". China is a big country in Asia and any conduct and action of Nixon's Administration in Asia couldn't get rid of the reality of China.The fourth part relates that the new Sino-treating policies determined that Nixon's Administration must adjust its present policy towards China. It concentrates on Nixon government's inheritance and change of the post-war policy towards China and the strategy of ideology towards China. Owing to the difference of ideology and the political system, Nixon's Administration open a new relationship with China and transported the western"Democracy"and"Freedom"by this new relation and was eager to make a "peaceful evolution" toward China, expecting to obtain the victory of a"non-smoke war"in a long term.The conclusion is that Nixon's Administration carried out the change of Sino-treating policy successfully. Not only did it build a sound base for solving various problems between China and America, but also we would see that a trend of "Multi-poles" world that Nixon's government publicized has appeared. Therefore recovering Sino-American diplomatic relationship and constructing a new relationship between China and America contributes to the common development of mankind. From now on, China and America should seek common points while reserving difference and strengthen the cooperation and make an effort to build a " harmonious world "!...