Reviewing Of Kant's Thoughts About International Law Whose Supreme Idea Is The Achievement Of Permanent Peace

As Kant's theoretical philosophy intends to probe what is necessary for universal and absolute knowledge, his practical philosophy to probe what is necessary for universal and absolute moral principle; it is what is necessary for universal and absolute permanent peace that Kant's theory of international law intends to make clear. The achievement of permanent peace which is the supreme idea of Kant's thoughts about international law as well as Kant's blueprint of peace is necessarily demanded by Kant's theoretical philosophy with practical philosophy. Therefore, the first part of the article focuses on recounting Kant's philosophy, which is regarded indispensible before expounding Kant's international law. In this beginning part, the author mainly disserts the architecture of Kant's philosophy, explains the role of international law played in this magnificent system, coupled with its philosophical origin of theoretical philosophy, practical philosophy and philosophy of Law. In the second part the author recounts the political science background of the Kant's international law, during which emphasis would be put on the influence of Social Contract theory on behalf of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Montesquieu, Luxembourg. The third part is the core of the whole article, the language of modern international law would be applied to interpret Kant's thought on international law and compare it with modern one, in the hope of explaining the inherit and response of the modern theory to Kant's thought. Nevertheless, Kant's international law gave rise to controversies among descendant scholars. So, the fourth part includes main ideas on Kant study of the most two influential philosophers --Jurgen Habermas, John Bordley Rawls and defense for Kant against their criticism. In the epilogue, the author deals with the significance of Kant's international law theory to the modern.