Washington Conference And The Shantung Question

The Shantung question produces from 19 century's ends to the Washington conference solves, in 1/4 centuries, the Chinese has waged the indomitable struggle for this, has had been through repeatedly the winding difficult diplomatic negotiation. From the Paris Peace Conference as unresolved as the Washington conference in the Shantung sovereignty reclamation, American and the Japanese two great nations in this question the key function. The relations between the two countries enemy friend analysis and synthesis, from becomes estranged to opposes the compromise, becomes solves the Shantung question subtle actually essential factor.The Shantung advantageous geography superiority causes it to become China's political economic lifeline, also becomes the big powers contention the focal point. Was first Germany obtains by "Rubber Australia Foreign settlement Treaty" has rented the power in the Shantung 99 years. In the First World War, schemes long Japan to China taking advantage of to declare war to Germany dispatches troops into battle Jiao Zhou Bay, attempts by Shantung to take it lords over the entire China's springboard. Latter and in 1918 exchanged notes by 1915 21 forces the Qing government to acknowledge it inherited Germany in Shantung's right. At the Paris Peace Conference Chinese representative hopes the reclamation to Shantung's sovereignty, because actually Japan's all sorts of plots as well as big powers colluding with did not realize with the compromise, only then can finally solve until Washington conference Shantung.US in the big powers in abundance in the Chinese division sphere of influence raging tide the long in coming, in steps in the Chinese territory hopeless situation only can attempt by"the open door policy, the equal opportunity"the policy share big powers to achieve by the military force in the Chinese benefit. This had also decided US can not but obtain the compromise with other big powers in certain aspects. Japan starts after the Meiji Restoration to implement the continental policy, is presumptuously thinking China according to for own pouch in the thing. The American and Japanese two great nations engage in a contest in China. In under US's support and the help after China and Japan, the Russo-Japanese War wing abundant Japan is gradually final"ungratefully"moves towards the opposition with US. But the different way (open door policy and sphere of influence) have actually the common goal (invasion of China), also causes both countries to be able not but to compromise mutually. At Paris Peace Conference, Wilson in order to his League of Nations plans in the Shantung question is perfidious to Japan compromises, creates the Chinese to regain the Shantung sovereignty the desire to be disillusioned. The Washington conference gave the Chinese to solve the Shantung question most good opportunity, Chinese representative in under the national movement spirit inspiration which domestic surged upward argues strongly based on reason, US in order to contain Japan to lord over China under Wilson's at Paris Peace Conference learning from another's mistakes, has given certain degree support in the Shantung question solution, forced Japan finally to give up Shantung's sovereignty.The Shantung question solution has kept in balance the big powers temporarily in China's influence; it is the result which the American and Japanese two great nations compromise mutually. But the imperialism development not balanced rule had decided this kind of power balance only can be short and frail. To nine?18 emergencies, this kind of power balance is finally broken.