Comments On The Universality Of Human Rights

To enjoy sufficient Human Rights is the ideal long pursued by mankind. To a certain extent, human society is a portrayal of struggling for Human Rights. The term "Human Rights" is a sensitive and complicated topic in the prensent international society, and among various complex problems around Human Rights the universality of Human Rights is an undebatable concern. The universality of Human Rights is directly connected with other regards of Human Rights such as the basic ideas,system of standands and practical arrangements. Two world wars have brought great disasters and indignity to the enhancement of Human Rights, and then began to make Human Rights concern worldwide. The universality of Human Rights has been fully evidenced by protection experience of Human Rights and also reflected in a series of international conventions on Human Rights. However, some inconsistencies and even conflects exist between the universality of Human Rights and national practicers on protection of Human Rights, due to quite different social systems, economic levels, historical and cultural traditions. Various civilizations came into being with the development of human society and in such a world with multi-mode civilizations. How to form a transnational harmonious universal Human Rights view to guide practice of Human Rights protection is an imperative question confronting the whole human society. On the basis of this, the author explores the universality of Human Rights in this paper desiring to contribute to establishment of universality of Human Rights and harmonization of Human Rights views.This paper, consisting of three parts, analyzes respectively the basis, constitution of the universality and also includes the author's introspection of it. From a joint theoritical and practical perspective, the firt part begins with analysis and exploration of the universality's thoughtl sources - Liberalism in the view of natural law, subsequently the nature of the universality, comparing with human nature , and at last concludes that the basis of the universality lies in the inherent human dignity and value. The second part is mainly about four aspects: the subject, the content, the value of Human Rights, and the human standard, which constitute the universality of Human Rights. The major of this paper is the third part in which the author introspecte the universality of Human Rights. The third part starts from brief analysis of speciality of Human Rights and indicates that a pair of inevitable contradiction between universality and speciality of Human Rights along with comments on different views in both West and East societies towards the contradiction. Further, the author states the relationship between culture and Human Rights, admits the affirmative cultural relativity , and then investigates the conciliation of the contradiction between Human Rights universality and cultural relativity. At last, the author makes an analysis on unity of opposites of the relationship of universality and speciality of Human Rights and a correct understanding of the relationship is the prerequite crucial for resolving such a contradiction. Realizing the universality of Human Rights in the world is a gradual advancement, and only through successive talks and communications among various civilizations could a conflict-free widely accepted orthodox view of Human Rights formulates.