On Feuerbach's Humanism And Marx's Transcendence In It

Humanism is the predominant characteristic and the essence of Feuerbach's philosophy. On the basis of criticizing Hegel's speculative philosophy, he put forward the materialistic naturalism and made it as the theoretical premise of humanism. Then he comprehensively expounded the main contents of humanism: humans are the consequence of the nature and the entity of perception as well; they are possessed of intrinsic qualities of nature as well as rationality, volition and love, a perfect man is the unified entity of rationality, volition and love; human beings live in the world as species existence as well as society existence ; the highest essence of human beings is himself; the essence of religion is human beings, and the God is the alienation of the essence of humans; humans should relieve the religion alienation, love themselves and advocate the general love instead of falling in love with the God.Feuerbach's humanism turned a new and fresh page of humanism. Marx inherited the reasonable elements of Feuerbach's humanism and transcended it. From the perspective of realistic humans, Marx renewed the ideas of the existence of humans, the nature of humans and the development of humans. Furthermore, he emphasized the nature of human's practice and social nature, considering that practice is the mode of existence, the premise of human's existence and development, the fundamental difference between humans and animals, the basis of all relationships among humans. The nature of humans is the social relationships in reality. Marx uplifted the theory of religion alienation to the theory of labor alienation, put forward the thought of all-rounded development about humans and found its realistic reference, that is practice. All the above transcended in Feuerbach's theory.