| The rural areas play a very important part in the construction of Comparatively Well-off Society in our province . the towns and villages are the fundamental components of the rural organizations , Since the rural organizations were developed , quite a few problems and contradictions that influence the development of the rural areas have accumulated. And among these problems the debts of the rural areas as the illegal but common and covert problem has seriously influenced the credit of our governments and endangered the carrying out of the government policies. It becomes a big obstacle of the administration and development of the rural areas. And once this covert problem turns into overt, it will lead to the vibration of the rural society as the collapse of the foundation of a large building. The influential experts in our rural areas define it as the "fatal killer"of which spoils the economical safety and social stability. Therefore, the study of the overall situation of the debts in the rural areas of our province such as the reasons they form and their principle characteristics is very meaningful for the protection of the smooth development of the economics and the society and it is also beneficial for the acceleration of the construction Comparatively Well-off Society in Jilin province. The content as the following: 1.The fundamental conditions and the principle characteristics of the debts in the rural areas 2.The debts of the rural areas consist of all kinds of debts from public administration and management during the development of the public affairs and the development of the economics under the leading of the rural governments and collective economics. According to the investigation of the relevant agencies, the debts of the rural areas in our province have reached 110,000,000,000 RMB or so till the end of the year of 2004. The debts of the rural areas have five main characteristics: (1) The wide-ranging resources and the large amount of the debts. (2) The high speed of its acceleration. (3) The non-productive expenditure of the debts in the villages. (4) The important covert debts of the villages. (5) The higher actual net debts than the net debts in the debt-book. 2. The analysis of reasons of the debts from the social system of the rural areas. (1) The functions of the organizations of the rural areas are ambiguous so that all the rural organizations are widely involved in the field of the economic competition and as a result they have to undertake the economic danger from the markets because of the unsuitable decision or the invalid operation in the management. The organizations in rural areas are directly involved in the productive and competitive field of the economics management. The organizations of the rural areas directly interfere the production and management of the farmers by the administrative means. The governments in the rural areas offer the guarantee of the debts with the form of the government reputation. (2) The powers of the higher and lower governments cannot distinguish; the financial powers and the administrative powers between the villages do not distinguish; the finances are concentrated in multiple layers from the bottom to the up; "The superior pay" but wants " the bottom check", all these factors result in the debts in the rural areas inevitably. In 1993, public finance income of the central authorities of our rural areas accounts for 22% in the national public finance income, and it rose for 54.9% in 2002 â‘¥.At the time of concentrated financial power of the central authorities, the provinces, cities and counties also carry on the financial power concentration. The financial powers head up in multiple layers, but the matter power and the expenditure responsibility continuously descend. This type of income and expenditure must have resulted in the deficit of public finance and the debts of the governments unavoidably. That the superior does the decision and the basic level "carry the pot on the back "and is responsible for tidying up the mess in funds is the important reason of the rural areas obligation. The most typical activity of " The superior pay, the bottom check" is the various activities to reach the standards such as education of reaching the standard, an engineering of highway between the villages, the standardization of theconstruction of the village party etc. (3) The dropping-behind-change of the organizing function and the superabundance clerks are the main reasons of the debt in the rural areas. As statistics, there were 22,510,000 clerks in the institution in the rural areas of china in 1994 , and 29,590,000 clerks in 2000.. As the result , 7080 thousands RMB was given them as salary. 3 The analysis of reasons of the debts from the rural culture (1) the exterior project which was done to make the leader have more capital to be promoted. (2) the low self-quality of the leader and the dropping-behind of the managerial skill in the rural area. (3) the mental factors of the leaders and the mass in the rural area. 4 The analysis of the affect of the debts on the governing in the rural culture. The deterioration of the relation between the leaders and the mass, the disruption of the society stability, and the depression of the enthusiasm of the crew leaders can impair the authority of the grassroot organization , then the well-developing of the society will be lagged. All of these are against the democratization in rural area. 5. The solution of the debts of the rural areas. (1) Define the functions of the organizations of the rural areas reasonably. The organizations in the rural areas have to be changed fundamentally. They must get out from the state of directly overextending its authority to the micro-activity of the economics under the old social system and withdraw from the profitable and competitive economical field. They must gradually turn their functions to the civil affairs and take the responsibility of offering the public products and services that the rural areas need so that the public and social qualities of the organizations in the rural areas are fully reflected. (2) Adjust the organizations of the rural areas scientifically. According to the reform of the administrative systems, the organizations of the rural areas seem gradually to be converted into the branches of the governments in the counties. Finally the financial resources are under the control of the... |
