The System And Operation Of American Township & Town

This article mainly_utilizes modern information technology and penetrates network on the long-term on-line track investigation to US's several townships and towns, collecting correlation data, thoroughly understanding the basic unit's management system and the governing way of American countryside, and using the politics and the sociological theory to the American three towns establishments and the government structure, the townships and towns democracy election, the townships and towns government's administrative process and the townships and towns finance and the tax expense levied the way to carry on the inspection and the elaboration, provided the reference and the model for our current countryside basic unit of political power organizational reform.The full text altogether divides into five parts:The first department discusses the American three towns establishments and the government structure. Combining the investigation on the basic geographical position, principal sector of the economy, populations, histories, government structure, etc in Brookline, Adiss and Oakesdale, the author carries on a detailed argumentation on the structure character of the three town government by the order: the population scale, the position, the area character and the three kinds of structure of town. The author attempts to represent the readers a clear picture of American townships and towns.The second part dissertates the elaboration to the townships and towns' democracy election. The author announces out the production of the committee member of administrations and administration course of decision in the townships and towns of the U.S.A. by detailed stating analyzing the electoral system being carried out, which are questions: the divisions of the electing zones, the votingrights and the voting rate, and though detailed stating analyzing the citizen congress and its character in the towns implementing the direct democracies system or the direct democracies system and the direct democracies combined.The third department analyses the townships and towns' government administrative process. The special commissions and the associations will be authorized by the town committee whose members are taking on the main post at a certain special commission, and dealing with the various affairs in its serve range. Some other local affairs are finished under the care of public organization. The special commissions and the associations feedback the results and the problems appearing in the course. Then the committee can discuss and consult the solving methods and solve the problem. All will regard laws and regulations as the criterion, and be done by the law. The committee of the town plays a role in supervising with the coordination entirely.The fourth department levied the way to the townships and towns' finance and the tax expense. The author makes a clear statement on the organization structuring of finance at townships and towns of U.S.A. with Brookline as the model. The Department of Finance has four sections: Division of Purchasing, Division of Accounts, Division of Assessing and Division of Treasury (the cashier). At the same time the town committee has also specially set up the financial committee or the budget committee in order to deal with the financial problem and work out the financial plan. It drew a simple conclusion to the channels and methods of collecting and paying expenses of taxation.The fifth department carries on the discussion to relations of the townships and towns and the state and the county, the US local government's function localization and the administrative way, the US democracy's characteristic and the limitation. Through system elaboration and analysis to American townships and towns' organic and operation, its manifests is direct and indirect democratic, the townships and towns' system to the enterprise transformation, the public participation expanding, the public administration' socialization, the public serviceprovided marketing, the fiscal budget management scientific style ch...