| This article discusses the road of Chinese political modernization from the angle of the relation of nation and society theoretically and empirically, and the internal relationship between civil society and political modernization, and brings forward that civil society is the base and precondition of political development, and studies its meaning on Chinese political development. The first sector clears up the revolved concepts and theories civil society, modern state and political development. civil society is social public life sphere relative of political state. It's social forces which are constituted by various kinds of independent, autonomous, legitimative and non-political organizations and groups. civil society has four structural elements: 1. Private sphere; 2. Volunteer social groups;3. public sphere; 4. social movements.Some basic characters could have been found in the history of the western civil society development.1. the independence of personality.2. the autonomy of civil society.3. the generality of contract.4. the publicity and intimacy.The essential trait of modern society is the rise of modern state. The formation of western civil society accompanied by modern state which was called nation state too. The course of western political modernization has two steps: the first is state building; the second is democratic state building. Political development includes two propositions: 1. In the aspect of state, modernization means the increase of the state strength and the improvement of political system capacity. 2. In the aspect of society, modernization means the rise of social forces, the patricianly in and influence on political system, which are presented with democratization. A plural autonomous civil society is indispensable important condition ofstate-building and democratic institution building. Civil society has such functions in the course of political development. 1. Rebuild the relationship between state and society and build modern state; 2. supervise and restrict the power of state; 3.plural articulation of interests; 4. Cultivate and deepen democratic values and culture; 5. Strengthen democratic social foundation, push forward democratic course directly.The second sector reviews the history of the relationship between Chinese state and society, and analyses the change of the relationship between state and society since reform and open policy come into being from the angle of positivist. Before reform and open Chinese society is a much homogenous society which is differentiated in low grade and at slow speed. Great change has taken place in China social structure, a relatively autonomous society is present, and the old social political power relation and interest structure has been continuously adjusted and rebuilt because of economical system reform which includes pluralization of property right and marketization. Chinese civil society includes such following factors: 1,Chinese society becomes the sources of providing resources and opportunities independently. 2. the formation of relatively independent social forces. 3, the rise of the degree of systematization of civil society. 4, the accelerating of cultural secularization and the building of ideology of civil society.The third sector discusses the meaning of the growth of Chinese civil society on Chinese political development. In the long run, the grown up of Chinese civil society will promote the reform and progress of china politics. Concretely, that is: 1. Rebuild the relationship between state and society and build modern state,. The grown of civil society make the state function and the society function be differentiated. The limit of state and society is the precondition of state autonomy, validity and legitimacy; 2. the foundation of democratic state building. A strong civil society is the key condition of strong democratic political institution. 3. recognize value of individuals and social status of citizen, promotethe transformation of political culture. 4. the base of s... |
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