| Agriculture is the foundation of the society's subsistance and development. All production activities in the society originate from agriculture. Every time of social progress is always closely related to development of agriculture and improvement of its productivity. The essence of agricultural development is "to accelerate agricultural output and to increase its productivity, keeping pace with progress in other sections in modern economy", which have been indicated by prestigious economists Sushui and Ladan, Japanese and American respectively. While one of the essential ingredients that improves agricultural productivity is the advancement of science and technology (S&T) and agricultural development, which boils down to transformation from traditional agricultural pattern to modern one. Under this circumstance, S&T advancement must be depended on to develop agriculture and enhance its productivity. Practicable and effective strategies of progressing S&T should be made to fully display the function of S&T in agricultural development. What's most important is to calculate rate of contribution of S&T advancement precisely.As a densely populated country, China heavily depends on agriculture. More than 70 percent of population locates in the rural areas. With the development of national economy, agriculture is under great pressure and faced with resource shortage in our country. While agricultural development is related to not only economic progress in rural areas but also the peasants' living conditions. We can say that successful development of agriculture will to some extent alleviate the three big headaches: agriculture, rural areas and peasants. Equally, under the circumstance of slowly-developing agriculture and lack of technological input in China, scientific and effective strategies of S&T advancement must be developed in order to stimulate China's agriculture. Therefore, the contribution rate of S&T advancement should be calculated during the process of agricultural development in China. For this purpose, the thesis studies the theories and methods of calculation, analyzes China's agricultural development during three periods: 1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, and then explores tactics to develop China's agriculture.This paper consists of four parts. The first two parts discuss the theories and methods of calculating contribution rate of agricultural S&T advancement. The third part makes positive analysis on China's agricultural development during three periods. The fourth part subsequently brings forward some suggestions on how to advance3agricultural S&T in China. The concrete contents are as follows:Part 1 introduces the basic theory of agricultural S&T advancement. This part mainly discusses the connotations and factors of S&T advancement and agricultural S&T advancement. Much attention is paid to some controversial issues on factors of S&T advancement-whether "Institutional factor", "Scale effect" and "Substitution effect" should belong to the scope of S&T advancement. This paper thoroughly analyzes these issues. As a result, the author comes up with his own opinions: S&T advancement is a concept in broad sense. It includes not only material means by which man remakes the world, but also intellectual means by which man understands the world. The former belongs to the scope of technology, while the latter belongs to the scope of science. As to the reason for emergence of institution and the measures by which institution controls individual activities as a whole, the institutional factor belongs to the scope of S&T advancement. "Scale effect" and "Substitution effect" neither separate from S&T advancement nor include each other. On the contrary, they intersect S&T advancement. That's to say, parts of them belong to the scope of S&T advancement, while other parts of them don't belong to it. The reasons for them are different, so are manifestations of the relationships beween them. It depends on the definite situations in the analysis.Part 2 studies the methods used to calculate contrib... |
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