On Jinshi And Literature In South Of The Five Ridges Of Tang Dynasty

Based on the affiliated class, this paper uses the theory of human-land relationship and the method of history of mutual confirmation, comparison, computation to make a discussion on the literature in South of the Five Ridges, one area which is relatively backward in Tang Dynasty, and then systematic analysis is carried out to discuss the literature body, Jinshi and their literature vehicles, and the works on the regional culture in South of the Five Ridges, trying to reveal the relationship between the culture in South of the Five Ridges and literature so as to confirm their literature achievements among the Jinshi in South of the Five Ridges.There are three concepts of "South of the Five Ridges" in Tang Dynasty, this paper based on the regions of Lingnan regional administration as the boundaries, which is demarcated by Xintangshu:Dilizhi, mainly discusses the Lingnan regional administration, the successful candidates who pass the highest imperial examinations and their literatures.In this thesis, a total of 35 Jinshi distributed in South of the Five Ridges in Tang Dynasty are examined by the author, by the analysis of their diachronic distributions, the author finds that the number of Jinshi distribution in South of the Five Ridges is far less than the average number of each Administration, however, it shows an overall upward trend year after year; and the successful candidates in South of the Five Ridges have a great relationship with the emperor's preferences. By the examination of their space distribution, the author also finds that few state or county which surrounds the Lingnan regional administration, having less successful candidates who can finally pass the highest imperial examinations. This phenomenon reflects the backward development both in economy and culture in South of the Five Ridges in Tang Dynasty.There are four disadvantages which affect the productions of Jinshi in South of the Five Ridges. They are poor economy, laggard education, policy influences and remote distances. The affluent family and better family education are the factors which firstly contribute to the better growing. Then, the location of family should be in the transport arteries. Thirdly, the traveling experiences. The banished officials have great impacts on the local education. Comparing with the importance of banished officials and feudal officials, family educations play a very important role in Jinshi in the South of the Five Ridges.The geographical environments such as location and terrain in South of the Five Ridges also affect their cultures, which mainly embodies the habits and characteristics of local people. Showing their habits during the period of pre-Song in South of the Five Ridges, can provide tentative evidences for analyzing the resources of Jinshis'features in South of the Five Ridges in Tang Dynasty.Jinshi in South of the Five Ridges seldom contact each other among groups, mainly because the regional relation that forming a group and performing the group characters. First of all, the most fundamental characteristics are:ancient elegance. Secondly, being upright. Thirdly, being studious. Fourthly, paying more attention to the family ethics. Fifthly, being diligent and incorruption. These characteristics and the increasingly numbers of reclusive Jinshi in South of the Five Ridges during the Late Tang Dynasty are showing their characters that based on Confucianism.Jinshi, who lives in South of the Five Ridges in long or short period, shows their own characteristics. Firstly, desolating mentality. Secondly, impatient temper. Thirdly, normal character. Fourthly, good innovation. With the development of the times, the identifications and habits of Jinshi in South of the Five Ridges also show crucial changes. Firstly, the identify extension varies from aristocracy members to the general ones; secondly, the traditional Confucian spirits gradually fade away; another change is that a single talent turns into the versatile ones.Jinshi's poems in South of the Five Ridges shows the style of primitive simplicity, which have causal relationships with their ancient and elegant character, desolating mentality, impatient temper, backward economic cultural environment, obstruction of the traffic, four spring-like weather, and natural environment with green water and hills. With the passage of the time in Tang Dynasty, the proportion of poems with seven characters to a line improves greatly in form of poems among Jinshi in South of the Five Ridges, and show great dissatisfactions to the society from the perspectives of contents.By comparing the poems in South of the Five Ridges which written by Song Zhiwen and Zhang Jiuling, we find that Song's poems is deeply recorded the area customs than Zhang's from the angle of content. The relegating feelings in Song's are fiercer than Zhang's from the perspective of emotion and Zhang's self-depressing emotions is more intensive than Song's. As for the art style, Zhang's poems present the characteristics of simplicity, whereas Song's poems reflect the style of gorgeous ones. These differences embody the regional cultural factors in Zhang's poems.By make comparison between CaoYe and Shao Ye's poems, and the Cao Ye's poems before passing the imperial examination or later, the author finds that their features have something in common and less differences; Both of them present the characteristics of simplicity in main part, and the inferior and solitary feelings run through the poems of CaoYe's before or after he pass the imperial examinations. But the poems with seven characters to a line and a poem of eight lines increased significantly. The similarities and differences reflect the double effects both in regional culture and cultural history of Civil Examinations.Zhang Jiuling's official documents play a dominant role in all Jinshi's articles in South of the Five Ridges, but their contents and art styles show the relevant factors that relating to the regions and ethos. For example, showing the upright character, anxious mood, ideas of thrifty and assimilation, energetic personal feeling and bold loss in the aspect of content, and in the artistic style, showing these factors which correspond to the local culture in South of the Five Ridges, such as simple language, the lacking of embellishments in writing, practical style and less vivid description, and confined context.All in all, Jinshi's behaviors in South of the Five Ridges in Tang Period tend to be conservative, and have difference in the typical image of Jinshi in Tang Dynasty. On the whole, the scene of poems are closed to Dali ones, and have the differences with Great Tang. There are few articles among writers, which have less impact on the Tang literature history, however, it still leads a dominant role in the development of history and culture in South of the Five Ridges.