The Study On Private Hand-written Copy In Ming Dynasty

Before the invention of printing in the ancient China, copying by hand was an important form of the book making and the circulation of books. With the developing of printing, the book printing market is more and more prosperous, but the copying by hand is still the indispensable complementary approach, hand-written copy have never been out of the stage of history. In particular, the development of printing had been a culmination phase in Ming Dynasty, but it is precisely in this period, the activies of hand–copying were popular both in official and private, especially the atmosphere was more dense in the folk. Therefore, it generated a lot of excellent hand-written copies, they produced a far-reaching impaction in academic research and the development of book collecting culture on the late. However, the copies dissipated easily and the records were also scattered, in addition the ancient books of printing were the main part of scholarly research, so they have often been ignored all the time. Private hand-written copies of the Ming Dynasty, both the history of ancient library and publishing, and the ancient literatures of the Ming Dynasty have generated profound significances. This article seeks to reproduce the formation of the Ming private copying and transcribing many copies of the grand occasion through a large number of literatures, and expand the features and the important effects on this basis.The thesis consists of three parts: the preface, the main text and the conclusion.The preface expands the research condition about the hand-written copy of the Ming Dynasty, and the origin and significance of the topic.The main text consists of five parts:The first chapter, which is entitled"the reason of the flourish of private hand-copying activies in Ming Dynasty". The printing had been mature and highly developed in Ming, but many of the activities had emerged of which will have a definite reason behind it. The department banned from the official, printed books are not comprehensive, edition of the price factor and the unsatisfactory quality and the promotion of back-to-the-ancients campaigns inliterary movements to explain the phenomenon.The second chapter ,which is entitled"the geographical distribution of the hand-copying activities and the main types of hand-written copy. The department focuses on the typical private Transcription in Beijing, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and then the discuss the famous manuscripts,book manuscripts within the government, copies by the books of Song Dynasty , which has a overall graspy of the private hand-written copy in Ming Dynasty.The third chapter ,which is entitled"the features of private hand-written copy in Ming Dynasty". This part from the development of the circulated ideas,superior quality manuscripts , scholars attend to emendate when copying,the bibliophiles both hand-writing and printing,copy papers five aspects to discuss the features of the Ming private copying activities and hand-written copies .The fourth chapter ,which is entitled"the price situation of the Ming private manuscripts",which from the factors of impact manuscripts'price,the specific price and the price comparation of manuscripts and printings. Then to find out the conditions of the manuscript circulation and price.The fifth chapter ,which is entitled"the value and impact of private manuscripts in Ming Dynasty". Firstly, as the carrier, they save and spread on the books and contribution to the textual criticism and bibliography; secondly, impact of the transcripts and the activity itself on the Ming and Qing society. In short, the private copies of great significance in the Ming Dynasty in Chinese cultural history. Concluding section is a summary of the full text .According to summary the reasons,conditions and value of private copying of Ming, then reveal the great roles of they played by.