Adhering To The Ethics In Troubles

After the Great Patriotic War of Soviet Union, there have been massive literary works of military themes describing "heroism" and a distinguished group of war literature creators has emerged. From the late sixties of 20th century, in addition to the themes of the Soviet workers, farms and people's heroic deeds during the Great Patriotic War, works of exploring the human spiritual and moral world in war began to emerge in the Soviet literary world and the literature of war themes has begun to develop in-depth in the direction of morality and philosophy. Vasily·Vladimir Malevich·Bykov was one of the most influential writers in this period in describing the human spiritual and moral world in the context of war. He described the issues of morality and conscience in the context of war via the adoption of uniquely creative approaches, depicting the confrontation of physical and moral perspectives of human beings in the war, stressing the role that moral factors played in the establishment of meritorious deeds on the part of the heroes and assigning new standards of evaluation to the "heroes". Bykov aimed to express a theme by exploring the images of heroic figures in war: victory in war does not depend on the material, military equipment, rather depends on the people's spirits and morality, that is exactly where the essence of the ideology and morality of the heroes in his fiction lied in. Besides, the precise uniqueness of the writer Bykov lies in that he looked upon the war with moral vision and observed the past, present times and future. The view of "morality and heroism" that Bykov had expressed in his war literature ever caused some controversies in the Soviet Union, however, with the passing of times and social progress. People came to recognize the greatness of his works.This dissertation will be divided into five chapters. The first chapter, the Introduction, which serves as an overview of describing the changes of the military themes of heroism in literature and of the research at home and abroad after the Great Patriotic War of Soviet Union, introduces the concept of hero and morality and the relationship between the two. The second chapter briefly describes the writer's life and creative process. The third chapter, taking Bykov's three novellas "Obelisk", "Sotnikov" and "Living to the Dawn" for example, analyses the root of the heroic acts made in the predicament by the protagonists: preserving ethical belief and human dignity, etc. The fourth chapter analyzes Bykov's narrative techniques and strategies in shaping the heroic images, that is, using realistic techniques which are done mainly by the means of flashback, indirect description and contrast to shape the characters' personality and this part also analyzes the richness and complexity of the heroic characters, thus revealing that the "morality" is the root of a hero. The fifth chapter describes the main conclusions of the study in this paper: what Bykov described in his novels was not the war itself but the hero's spiritual world in the war environment and the tremendous role people's moral force played in the critical juncture. He was keen to show the root of the heroic acts and reach into a person's sense of responsibility, a citizen's such moral issues as duty, faith and human dignity. Bykov's heroes depicted in his war novels are those who adhere to morality in plight. Bykov's war novels show to us a strong reflective consciousness, cordial and enthusiastic calls for human nature, humanity and humanitarian, as well as the pursuit of health of national mental attitude and multi-lateral portrait of "the fate of human being" etc.In this paper the approach of intensive reading has been adopted in order to find out the basis of supporting the argument from Bykov's three representative novels and demonstrate the Bykov-style "hero" images and his techniques of characterization.