The Research On Urban Geography Of Liao-Ning In Qing Dynasty

As one of the main branches of Historical Geography, Urban Historical Geography is such a discipline that it takes the cities in historical periods as the object, and pays attention to their origin, development and dynamic progress of transformation under certain geographical environment and social background, as well as the relative changes in the function of cities, scale, external form and internal structure, further about the system of the interaction among the cities according to the certain geographical units. Qing dynasty is the key period of the progress of urbanization in Liao ning, the extent of the urbanization developed from relative backward to be in the lead, and with the great change of the social background, the towns evoluted from traditional from to modernization, basically founding the modern urban pattern in this area. Accordingly, taking the towns in Liang ning in Qing dynasty as the object of study, combining with the geography and social background of its rise, this article tries to trace the progress of evolution of the towns systematically.Firstly, according to the time, the author divides the progress of urbanization into three phases: first phase (1644-1653), middle phase (1654-1840) and last phase (1840-1912); the author surveys the development of the towns in different phases and summarizes the dynamic factors of the urbanization in Liang ning in Qing dynasty and its characteristics of different areas. Secondly, the author expounds the condition of geographical space distribution of the towns, divides this area into west of Liao, middle of Liao and east of Liao by the differences of its topography and physiognomy, and simply analyzes the characteristics of allocation of the towns and the Regional central cities of the three units. As the"spot"form geographical entities in the regional space, the towns are not isolated. Traffic takes the role of connecting"spots"and"lines", and makes them as a whole perfect urban system. However, the traditional urban system performs respective features in different traffic nets such as traditional post roads and modern railways. The last chapter, starting from individual city as the"surface", comparatively analyzes scene diversity in the external form, internal architecture factors and space distribution of the towns in traditional period and the progress of modernization.To conclusion, the article simply summarizes the regional characteristics of the towns of this area in Qing dynasty, the social transformation period, and the author hopes it will be good reference to the urban development of Liao ning.