Research On Poetry Of Si-Hong In Southern Song Dynasty

"Si-Hong" refers to the four poets that comprise the renowned patriot Hong Hao, and his sons Hong Kuo, Hong Zun and Hong Mai, who lived in altering times from Northern Song Dynasty to Southern Song Dynasty. In this thesis, based on the slim bundle of research findings, poetry creations of Si-Hong are taken as the research object and overall style of Si-Hong's poetry is curved roughly through collection and research on related literatures.This thesis is divided into four parts: Si-Hong, their family origin, cultural achievement, official experiences, poetry creation and artistic features are presented respectively; their creative achievements on poetry are explored; and position of Si-Hong's poetry in literary history is explored as well.In the first part, general situation of the Hong family, cultural achievements of Si-Hong, and distinguishing situation of their poems are presented. Predecessors of the Hong family migrated from Shexian to Poyang country; they rose to prominence from farmer to government officer. After the family became prosperous, they paid great attention to the education of their off-springs. Both Hong Hao and his sons passed the imperial examinations; they presented themselves into Hanlin Academy, and won the great fame and emperor's favor with their broad knowledge, loyalty and integrity, so that, the Si-Hong family become rather glorious. Meanwhile, Si-Hong have a great number of academic writings , which are of comprehensive contents that comprise literature, Confucian classics, history, archaeology, numismatics, medicine and etc. They show that scholar-bureaucrats have the scholar-oriented tendency in Song Dynasty. Moreover, both Hong Hao and his sons are the topping scholars in their own fields and have supreme achievements. Their profound knowledge provides poetry creations of Si-Hong with rich resources. However, it also brings negative effect of show-off quality. In addition, textual researches are carried out and statistics of existent poems are calculated. The numbers of poems, which can be identified as Si-Hong, are as follows: 122 poems of Hong Hao, 770 poems of Hong Kuo, 19 poems of Hong Zun, 30 poems and 2 remnant sentences of Hong Mai.In the second part, Si-Hong's life experiences are seriously researched. Then their poetry creations are analyzed, and main contents of poetry are summarized. Analysis begins with two important time quantum: the first one when Hong Hao, Hong Mai and Hong Kuo were sent to Jin Dynasty on a diplomatic mission, the second one when Si-Hong worked in and seceded from home political field. During the mission, the main contents of poems include the trips with hardship, sentimentality on their native land, devotion and loyalty to Song state, peace advocacy, expectation to recapture lost territory, homesick and etc. The main poems include patriotic poem concerning country and people and expecting to recapture lost territory, secession poems.In the third part, based on case study on Si-Hong, overall features of the Si-Hong's poetic art are generalized. Their common features are as follows: knowledge is balanced with disposition; style of euphemistic co-exists with that of fresh.The final conclusions indicate Si-Hong's poetry are the reflection on scholar-bureaucrats' Confucianism of governing state and benefiting the people in Song Dynasty. Mission poems can be regarded as the beginning of mission poems of Southern Song Dynasty. The poetry style are transformed from gloomy and euphemistic into fresh and delicate, it differs from Jiangxi poetry school whose style are of novelty and stiff. The transformation of style paves the way for Lu You, Fan Cheng-da, Yang Wai-li and etc. who went out of Jiangxi and transformed their poetry styles, and raises the curtain for the appearance of art summit during later stage of the poetic history in Song Dynasty.