Research On Phonetic Differences Between Young Groups And Old Groups Of Rongcheng Dialect In Shandong Province

Rongcheng dialect belongs to Jiao-Liao Mandarin of the North Mandarin of Chinese Mandarin dialects.It located in the easternmost of DongLaiPian dialect in Shandong province. Rongcheng dialect has the typical characteristics of JiaoLiao Mandarin.Being greatly affected by the mandarin and surrounding dialects,some antiquated elements of it are disappearing.There is an obvious phonetic difference between young groups and old groups.Because of the distinguishing geographical locality,it is a good example for someone to study the rule of pronunciation. It's also important to the studies of the sociolinguistics.This article focuses on differences between young groups and old groups of Rongcheng. Also, it primarily defines those differences. There are six sections in this article.Section 1 is introduction.It includes the summaries of the geography and culture of Rongcheng,the characters of Rongcheng dialect,the research at home and abroad,the definitions of the language differences of young groups and old groups,the importance of study, the materials and the theory and the methods of how to study it.Section 2 focuses on differences between young groups and old groups. Based on the holistic descirptions of differences between young groups and old groups sound systems, it summarizes the major differences.Section 3 focuses on differences of consonants in Rongcheng dialect between young groups and old groups.It talks about differences between young groups and old groups sound system in details. It includes differences of the Middle Ages zhi group,zhuang group and zhang group between young groups and old groups, differences of the Middle Ages voiced tone between young groups and old groups, differences of sharp and rounded sounds between young groups and old groups, differences of ri sound between young groups and old groups.Based on that,it analyses this phenomena and tries to conclude the rules.Section 4 focuses on differences of vowels and tone in Rongcheng dialect between young groups and old groups.It talks about differences between young groups and old groups sound system in details.Some "(?) vowel" words change into "i vowel" words, some "e vowel" words change into "iεvowel" words, some "u vowel" words change into "y vowel" words,Some "ue vowel" words change into "yεvowel" words, and differences of the Middle Ages sub-voiced entering tone between young groups and old groups. Based on that,it analyses this phenomena and tries to dig out the essential reasons.Section 5 focuses on differences of written pronunciation and spoken pronunciation. It talks about the superimposed phonetic change, differences of written pronunciation and spoken pronunciation in Rongcheng dialect, the competition of written pronunciation and spoken pronunciation, the change of written pronunciation, "the most stubborn" written pronunciation and spoken pronunciation. Based on that,it analyses this phenomena.Section 6 is the conclusion.It has two parts:the Mandarin dialect has greatly affected Rongcheng dialect.,the relations between the use of the word frequency and the voice change.