Explains The Metaphor Relations And Metonymy Relations Of The Modern Chinese Polysemant NounSenses

Metaphor and metonymy is one of the important topics of cognitive linguistics in modern western research. In ancient time, metaphor was only used as a figure of speech, which was a phenomenon in the particular situation of language use, and metonymy was only a kind of style of rhetoric metaphor. However, the cognitive linguistics in the 20th century believe that metaphor and metonymy is a linguistic phenomenon, at the same time it is also the basic way to learn the world and the systematic approach for people to think, behave and express ideas. Metaphor and metonymy based on similarity and relativity of concept structure is a response from one cognitive category to another.When the scholars research the relationship of metaphor, metonymy and semantic development, they take English as research object, and take English sentence for example. Some Chinese scholars take extended word meaning as a word group from historical respect, but few scholars research the relationship about polysemant in modern Chinese from the synchronic respect. As for the weak links of metaphor and metonymy research of modern Chinese, I take the polysemant of modern Chinese as the research object, and pay special attention to the relationship between metaphor and metonymy of polysemant.In the field of cognitive Linguistics, it is generally believed that metaphor and metonymy is the basic way of extended word meaning, but metaphor has larger influence than metonymy on the extended word meaning, which shows that the metaphor relationship of polysemant is much more than the metonymy.Lakoff and Johnson point out that seventy percent of English expressions come from metaphor. According to the analysis and statistics of polysemant in "Modern Chinese Dictionary", we find that the metaphor relationship between modern Chinese polysemant is more than metonymy relationship. Besides, there is another relationship between polysemant, which is not a metaphor relationship, and is also not a metonymy relationship. I call it a coexistence relationship. According to statistics, in "Modern Chinese Dictionary", the proration of the metaphor relationship, the metonymy relationship and the coexistence relationship of polysemant is 28.42%, 50.86% and 21.11%, from which we can see that metonymy has much more influence than metaphor on the development of semantic. Of course, some of these words have more than two meanings, so it is unavoidable that there are both metaphor relationship and metonymy relationship in a word.As for the type of metaphor, most of the scholars adopt Lakoff's division, that is, the structure metaphor, the space metaphor (also known as the orientational metaphor) and the entity metaphor. As for the type of metonymy, scholars adopt Radden and Kovecses's division, that is, the metonymy between whole and part, and the metonymy between part and part. At present, the scholars mainly explain the influence on the polysemy or the semantic development of metaphor and metonymy based on these categories. Because of the specificity of the research object, I won't completely adopt the elders'categories of metaphor and metonymy.I base on the metaphor and metonymy categories of Lakoff and Radden's. According to the differences and the similarities of metaphor between polysemant, I divide it into three categories, that is, source domain: metaphor stands for the concrete object, the abstract concept and the concept. Among these, the source domain is the metaphor of the concrete object. According to the differences of the source domain, it can be divided into another two different types, one stands for the human and the other stands for the things. According to the differences and the similarities of metonymy in "Modern Chinese Dictionary", the metonymy can be divided into three categories, that is, the metonymy between generic and specific, the metonymy between object and its elements, and the associated metonymy. Among these, the metonymy between generic and specific can be divided into the metonymy between genetic and the matter, and genetic and a kind of thing; the metonymy between object and its elements can be divided into the metonymy between plants and fruits, sports programmes and sports instruments, music and music instruments, objects and materials, and objects and characteristics; the associated metonymy can be divided into the metonymy between the place and the concept related to the place, time and the concept related to time, and the producers, production tools, and products.In conclusion, I systematically research the phenomenon of metaphor and metonymy existing in the polysemant of modern Chinese. I find that among the polysemants of modern Chinese, the most common relationship is metonymy, then the metaphor, and there are also other different types. I will have a specific research about the metaphor and metonymy between polysemant in modern Chinese, not only take foreigner's division inclusion. By mine special study's result, proved that the cognition linguistics thought the metaphor is more than the traditional conclusion existence which the extension explains to fault, and according to the modern Chinese equivocation's semantic characteristics the classification which to the metaphor, the extension explained has conducted the concrete research from the new angle.