Economic Concepts Of Family Instruction Of The Ming And Qing Dynasties

The family instruction is the admonishment of the elder how to teach their descendants to get along with people, which contents nearly involve all aspects of family life, for instance, there are the harmonious relative between household member, self-cultivation, study reading, get along with people, takes part in government or administration for the official, weddings and funerals,and so on. In Chinese traditional documents on family instruction, dissertations on the ethics about family were on a large space. However, economic activities is an essential part of home problems, how to deal with economic problems in the family is particularly important for a harmonious and stable home.It is also the problem for a family to face. Therefore, when the author of the family instruction teaching the descendants,how to administer the home and manage finances of family are important contents of family instruction.Ming and Qing dynasties in Chinese history is an important period, especially in the socio-economic aspects, there has been a lot of new development and changes.The number of family instruction about Ming and Qing Dynasties is far exceeding the previous generation. The content drawed close to the life, also presented many new ideas, and has many family instruction to involve the economical content.At a certain extent, it reflected some characteristics of economic development of the Ming and Qing, showed some new trends in social development. This article mainly discusses the economic concepts in the Ming and Qing dynasties family instruction through the following several parts.The first part elaborated the development of family instruction in the Ming and Qing dynasties, elaborated the status and the characteristics of the family instruction of Ming and Qing dynasties in the Chinese family instruction history . The Ming and Qing dynasties family instruction's development process is divided into two times, Period before Opium War's ,the Chinese traditional family instruction developed at a good time,the afterward time was an overall declined and apartial developed time. At the same time, the family instruction of Ming and Qing dynasties compares with the beforehand family instruction, presented many changes, such as a large number of female teaches and family regulation,the choosing profession idea's diversification with the development of the businessmen's family instruction, attached importance to personal sentiment and national pride of education, created a regular system of family,etc.The second part discusses the economic system of family instruction of Ming and Qing Dynasties.From family instruction of Ming and Qing Dynasties'literature, we can summarize a quite complete family's economic system. Although each family has its difference,but its frame and the leading objective is actually consistent, including the selection of parents and their duties and powers, other management personnel at home and responsibilities of the division of labor, how in the family the maid servant's choice as well as do the host family treat them.The third part discusses the he land and the land rent idea of Ming and Qing dynasties'family instruction. The commodity economy of Ming and Qing dynasties is prosperous, land business became the main form of access to land, tenancy contractual relationship was a major form of exploitation, farmers'relationship to landlord became more and more weakening. These characteristics reflected in the family instruction of Ming and Qing dynasties. This article discusses family instruction's land and the land rent idea of the Ming and Qing dynasties is mainly revolving the concept of land property right, land business, land management ,as well as taxes, land rent,and so on..The fourth part mainly discusses the family attitude toward consumption in family instruction of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the family instruction,family attitude toward consumption is that ancient'understanding and the feeling who summarizes in the long-term family life practice and summarizes about the expense life, the consumption habit and the expense psychology.In the Ming and Qing dynasties, thrifty and deciding expenditures on the basis of income is two basic principles of the family attitude toward consumption, but reserve is the question which is also must considered. In addition, the amily instruction of Ming and Qing dynasties from consumer point of view, financing the home loan as the basic production and living as a necessary means.The fifth part discusses the choosing profession view on family instruction of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the family, do the juniors whether there is occupation as well as how choose profession, was a question which related to his own and the family member's livelihood. This was the authors of family instruction of the Ming and Qing dynasties who were generally concerned.The authors of family instruction of the Ming and Qing dynasties showed two attitude toward how the descendants choosing profession: one kind was by plowing, readsing as the proper way as the traditional ideas; the other was to abandon this concept of occupational and advote gentleman,agricultural,industrial and commercial as an occupation.The sixth part discusses the property view on family instruction of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Cohabited with sharing weath and separated with dividing weath were two different forms of family organization in Chinese ancient society,the base essence is the question that how to treat the family asset.In the society of the the Ming and Qing dynasties, the two forms of family organization Cohabited with sharing weath and separated with dividing weath both exhisted, which reflected in familyl instruction was two different property concept that conflicted.In a word, discussing economic concepts of family instruction of the Ming and Qing dynasties, not only may make us develop the culture of Chinese tradition family instruction and the research area of Chinese economical thinking history, can also make us learn more about the characteristics of the culture of family instruction and learn from one side of the Ming and Qing dynasties'home economic activities, promote us to understand the socio-economic development change of the society of Ming and Qing dynasties.