On J·S Mill's Utilitarian Morality

Morality is the fundamental views and general opinion which is related to moral and those including the goal of moral,moral principles and so on.The morality advocated by John Stuart Mill comparing to the Contemporary moral philosophers has a strong practicality. Mill's utilitarian morality overcame the conflict with virtue ethics and rule ethics,and exercised influence greatly over the subsequent development of utilitarianism.Bentham's utilitarian moral thought had developed and been amended from Mill.All those make utilitarianism have a time in the air,and from which Heinrich Wick'moral idea of utilitarianism had acquired further complement and improvement and cated for a new demand.To some extent,John stuart mill's morality is thought as the bridge which connect Bentham's utilitarian moral thoughts and Heinrich Wick's utilitarian ideaology.Any scholar can not bypassed Mill's utilitarianism when studying utilitariannism.Therefore,carrying out a systematic study and interpretation for Mill's utilitarian morality is of great theoretical value and practical value.Mill examined the nature of moral,moral connotations and the moral areas,explained the nature of moral and ethical nature from the aspect of human nature investigated the moral into social relationship and revealed the substance of the moral on a certain extent.Mill solved the opposed situations of Benthamite utilitarianism between utility and justice,obligations and conscience and put forward the moral areas itselves such as justice,obligations,conscience etc.contains utility and the relationship between them are not the unity which is opposed oeach other.Mill has expanded the scope of the theory of moral sanctions and made moral sanctions shift from internal to external,highlighting individual moral training.Mill thought the usefullness of moral sanctions woud be suspected because of the lack of the internal factors of moral sanctions.Mill has humanity as a starting point,they can often conform their desires to the act of self-control in the community and within the scope of the permit for the utilitarianmoral standards,and so provides the prerequisite for the establishment of utilitarian moral standards,regards common interests of society as a basic set of moral standards to the conduct of the tendency of well-being.Mill has behavior in the tendency of well-being as the basis for the establishment of the moral standards for the greatest majority of people's most happy as the ultimate moral goal.Mill regarded the behavior in the tendency of well-being as the basis for the establishment of moral standards,had the greatest majority of people happy as the ultimate moral goal,make personal freedom and self-development be the center of his moral values through affirming the status of the individual.Mill emphasized the importance of the concept of self-development and thought the pursuit of virtue should be the goal of full realization of individual freedom and the maintenance self-development.Mill linked the well-being of individuals with individual character and self-development and based the well-being of the theory as the basic of his concept of freedom and linked self-development with his theory of well-being,revealing the implementation of self-development the importance for realizing individual happiness and perfecting self-virtues.Mill regarded the social system as the external environment of achieving moral goal and protected the best interests of the majority of people through systematic designation.Mill's utilitarian morality is influenced by his home environment,especially his father and his wife and rooted deeped in the United Kingdom social environment in the first half of the nineteenth century,as well as effected by Bentham's utilitarianism and the idea of Kantian's deontology.By modifying and developing Bentham's moralitythoughts and utilitarian theory of happiness,he correctly distinguishes the differences between quality and quantity of happiness,injecting moral element into utilitarianism.Using morality as a means and utilitarianism as a goal,he tries to balance the contradiction and conflict between them.In the mean time,he also incorporates the reasonable elements of Kantian's deontology into his theory,changing the extremity of empiricism.Mill gives the proper position to the moral principles and thinks that proper behavior should be judged by whether the principles are violated or not,i.e.the obligations are determined by principles.Mill put forward a method of cultivating moral values through moral education and moral training to promote the improvement of individual morality,considered moral education and cultivation playing a decisive role in individual morality cultivating,perfect character shaping and the formation of high moral realm.