Research On Attitude And Development On Western Knowledge Of Zhang Zhidong

Zhang Zhidong has experienced five dynasty from Daoguang to the Xuantong Period in his life, nearly throughout turbulent latter Qing dynasty society. As the Qing government officials, he continued to absorb western learning for the prosperous and strong country and rich people. By practicing the military drill, enterprising the strong weapons, doing business, repairing the agricultural politics, rejuvenating the trade, opening the school and repealing imperial civil service examination he has become the foreign affairs rearguard and the new deal lead successively, and advocated reforms in military, economy, education, politics and so on, expecting to change China's poor and weak present situation and to maintains Qing Dynasty's feudal rule. Affected by status, tradition ideological education, knowledge and experience and so on, in the process on absorbing the introduction of Western learning , although Zhang Zhidong always declared that "Chinese learning is the body, western learning for use", the attitude to western learning is not Invariable.in three different historical periods,such as Sino-Japanese War before, around Restoration Reform and the new political reform, it forms active situation of digesting and absorbing western learning by three Western attitude that has continuity and big difference. His study content expands gradually from West's military manufacture, all the various crafts technique to the Western system and the political system. Many Temperate steady reform positions is accepted by the Qing Dynasty highest ruler, and have played an important impact on Qing government's educate, the formulation of political reform policy after wuxu reform. This article has emphatically studied Zhang Zhidong's manner towards western learning in the different historical period, the manner and the reason towards various subject of western learning, as well as the influence to the end of the Qing policy. It is helpful for people to know the function that Zhang Zhidong advanced western learning dissemination and promoted social development.This work was for the first time in domestic.