A Grammatical Study Of The Qian Dongnan Dialect In Guizhou

Qian Dongnan is the bordered area of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi, located at southeast Guizhou Province,is a multi-ethnic community that takes the Miao and Dong as the main body. Qian Dongnan dialect belongs to the southwest sub dialect in Chinese dialects. For population emigration, administrative division, geographical position and national distribution reasons, Qian Dongnan dialect has lots of characters. Study on the Qian Dongnan dialect grammar still remain untouched,which worth exploring . The importance of the research lies as the follow aspects: 1.It fills in the blank of grammatical study in Qian Dongnan dialect to some extent; 2. It enriches the language facts of the Chinese dialects.Using three dimensions theory and typology theory, adopting description and comparison methods, taking three grammatical categories as the research objects…degree, negative and aspect, the article discusses some grammatical features of Qian Dongnan dialect. This paper has done the following works:1. It describes specifically four kinds of degree expression methods in Qian Dongnan dialect: adverbial expression method; complement expression method; reduplication expression method and construction word method. By contrasts between local dialects, Mandarin and minority languages, Qian Dongnan dialect shows many features, such as the overlapping and phonetic change are varied, the extent adverb多?and很? can be directly used as complement,很?coexistence in one sentence. Some usage can be finding in Miao and Dong Language.2. It investigates mainly the meaning and usage of the negative words不?and莫?, analysis the comparison between the negatives and negative syntactic structures. The prominent characteristic of Qian Dongnan dialect is that没? is used as the不?and没?in Mandarin. This paper concludes that the phenomenon is the result of emigration movement.3. It analyses in detail six aspects of Qian Dongnan dialect. They are: future aspect, persistence aspect, process aspect, complete aspect, experience aspect and short time aspect. It describes grammatical meaning and grammatical format of the six aspects and discusses the source of some aspectual markers.The features of aspectual expressions in Qian Dongnan dialect are that the grammatical meaning is more rich and delicate than Mandarin, the expression ways is influenced by national language, there is not a corresponding relationship between aspect words and grammatical meanings, and similar aspect particles can co-occur in one sentence.We can draw the conclusion based on the analyses above that: the regional characteristic in Qian Dongnan dialect is remarkable, it has in common with other Southwest dialect, also has many different aspects. One of the factors is being influenced of minority languages.