From Personal Freedom To Humanistic Love

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905—1980), one of the most outstanding French thinkers in the 20^th century, was not only the leading representative of western existential philosophy, but also the famous literary writer and political statesman. The problem of freedom was Sartre's central task for which he was engaged in philosophy, literature and social political activities all his life. His ethics takes "free thought" as the centre, and takes the relation of "freedom and morals" as the way of thinking, and thus gradually set up and expand to become itself, its core is personal absolute freedom. Therefore, his ethics is called "the free subject ethics". As an outstanding thinker, Sartre's ethics has its own system, there is philosophical and ontological foundation, as well as concrete exposition of dealing with interpersonal relations in his ethics. There is not only inheritance and criticism to the traditional morals, but also the thinking and exploration to the realistic ethical question. His ethics has a tighter logical developing process: taking personal absolute freedom as the core and foundation, deduce personal free choice as well as subject value and moral responsibility, and deduce anxiety and self-deception from moral responsibility, then discuss the mutual moral relation between subjects, which is mainly the relation between ego and others, at last, take humanism and universal love as the ideal way to solve this problem.This thesis is to take Sartre's conception of freedom as the centre, to explore how Sartre's ethics thought develop and turn from the viewpoint of personal absolute freedom in the former period to the theories of humanism and universal love in the latter period. By discussing the several problems mentioned above to grasp the main thread and developing process of his ethical thought.