Relative Name·Family·Marriage·Clanlaw

This artile studied Elegant (尔雅) Releases Relatives from the angle of culturalscience. On the basis of developing the good and discarding the bad inheritance ofMorganetal theory and of Multiple evidence law, promulgated that the social systemwhich took the patriarchal system as core in our country ancient times and socialethics had profound influence to the word receiving and arrangement and classifiedcharacteristics of Releases Relatives and restricted and affected its word constructionand the formation of name system simultaneously. Relative name words andexpressions in Releases Relatives have reflected comprehensively the vicissitude ofmarriage system of our country ancient times which had obvious matriarchal groupmarriage remaining and the development of the human race course, thus became thefaithful witness of the marital culture and social culture of our country ancient times.The major points of this article is as follows: 1. The collecting and arranging and classifing of the relative name words andexpressions in "Releases Relatives" were deeply affected and restricted by thepatriarchal system and the clanlaw idea. As far as choosing the words was concerned,it had manifested masculine central idea and the emphasis on the direct line.Simultaneously, the idea that friends and strangers had differences, precedencemaintained between seniors and juniors, treated women as inferiors restricted thearrangement and classification of the words and expressions.2. The constitution and relative name system were deeply affected and restrictedby the patriarchal system and the clanlaw idea, it was from near to far, from kisses tostrangers. The closest relative names was used as the foundation of the structure,collateral relative always constituted by adding the modifier in front of thedirectly-related family member. This set of ancient times relative name system which"Kissed Relatives" reflected, required us to discriminate seniority in relationships,the old from the young, high rank from low rank, male from female, blood relationand relations formed by marriage, direct line and collateral branch, paternal line andmatriarchal ties of relationship.3. Human marriage evolved from the mixed marriage, the group marriage, theantithesis marrige to the monogamy marriage. Outside race group marriage was twodifferent surname clans were related through collective marriage for generations.Reflected in relative names, Paternal aunt, maternal uncle, sister's son were thismarriage system's living fossil. 4. Antithesis marriage was one male and one female formed the spouse on thefoundation of outside race group marriage. The man had one main wife in severalwifes and the female had one host husband in several husband. But the relationship ofhusbands and wives was loose, they did not monopoly live together.Inferior fatherand inferior mother are its designator.5. In the process of evolution from antithesis marriage to monogyny producedcertain transition nature marital forms. Wife was the watershed which transited frommarital power to the father right. Wife and marriage, marrying to a man, marring to awoman together testimoned our country marriage shape's evolution course from maleliving with female to female living with male. Ying(媵)and younger sister, si(oldersister姒) were the vestige of matriarchal group marriage, the clue of wife andconcubine wife rank marriage. The essence of ying marriage was one kind ofevolution form in father right world which unified the matriarchal group marriageand the ancestor legal system society. "Closely related woman and wives of youngersons" were the spokesman of wife and concubine wife rank marriage. This marriagesystem unified with clanlaw in which the eldest son inheritance right was the corebecame the basic social system penetrating the entire feudal society.