Research On The Buddhism Sculpture Of Tongtianyan Rock Cave

Rock cave, the short name of the temple of rock cave. The temple of rock cave is a special temple building of Buddhism, whose feature is that this temple is constructed by digging the cliff. The rock cave is from India. It came into China with the communication of Chinese and western culture. Digging rock cave in China dates back to 3 A.D. and it flourished in the Tang dynasty and lasted until Ming and Qing dynasty. There are many rock caves in China, which are distributed vastly and have abundant contents. They are titbits conjoined by Chinese and foreign art, which have high value of history and art.Tongtianyan Rock Cave in Ganzhou City is one of the biggest rock caves in southern China, in which the Buddhism sculpture is not only a typical representative of Buddhism sculpture style in South China but also an important entrance to understanding and studying ancient history and culture of Ganzhou City.The thesis has adopted the way of field survey and literature and data. It starts with the Buddhism sculpture of Tongtianyan in explaining the resource and development of the rock cave. Firstly, when exploring the reason of digging Tongtianyan Rock Cave, on the one hand Danxia physiognomy can be found in the super geography surroundings of Dayuling trade road; on the other hand northern people's migration to the south led to the introduction of the art of rock cave. Besides, the stability of economy and politics and the prevailing Buddhism made Tongtianyan Jiangnan Cave in the second flourish period of constructing caves. Secondly, after exploring the time of creating Tongtianyan Buddhism sculpture, it shows that the Buddhism sculptures in Tongtianyan were dug in Tang and Song Dynasty, which are embodied with the features of Buddhism sculpture of Tang and Song Dynasty. Compared with other Buddhism sculptures of the same time, the art of the caves in different areas has different regional features because of different economic, political and cultural backgrounds. Lastly, on the further analysis of the art features of Tongtianyan Rock Cave and different cave Buddhism sculptures, it can be found that the Buddhism sculpture of Tang Dynasty is a combination of monarch and femininity, while the sculptures of Song Dynasty takes on the secular and realistic style.