Study On The 'Panwen' Of Tang Dynasty And Its Thoughts On Social Control

The Tang Dynasty is one of most important times in the Chinese history. It not only created prosperous material civilization and bright culture in the Chinese ancient history, but also facilitated successful reformation in many aspects of social life. Tang Dynasty' appropriate and practical social control contributed to the development and successful reform.The social control refers to the process that how the social organization systems instruct and restrain the social behavior and the value idea of thesociety members—Including the social individual, social group and socialorganization, and how to adjust and restrain all kinds of social relation through the social norms and its corresponding method . The social control has the universality—that Any time, any nationality, and any good social order all depend on the effective social control. According to the attribute of control's method, the mode of the social control may divide into the system control and the non- system control . The system control is a type of control that can tell the social members 'what can be done ' or 'what can't be done " by the regulations such as policies and laws. The non- institution control refers to a type that control the members by the custom and habits.As a kind of applicative judicial document of the ancient china, Panwen came into being after Dongzhongshu's《Chun Qiu Jue Yu》. Following the law study's daily consummation and the system of official -selected by panwen ,as well as the impetus of social prevailing custom which passes judgment on people by the verdict proficiency height, achieves its crest in the Tang Dynasty.Panwen of Tang dynasty approximately can be divided into three kinds: document sentences, namely the official actually writes in the processing case or official business; Imitational sentences namely simulates a sentence article based on a hypothesized fact .Although it does not truly write for the solution to a dispute, but it also can reflect the judge's ability of using the laws and the legal principle laws to analyse the problems. So it can reflect some certain thoughts of social control. Generally, it was written for purpose of attending a test; Informal sentences refers to those nonofficial cases but to normal life's some certain matters.According to the extant historical data, The quantity of Tang's panwen is extremely large and most are saved in the following literature :《wen yuan yinghua》( from volume 503 to 552), embodied 1052 pieces of panwen;,《quan tang wen>》,scatteredly embodied about one thousand pieces, but most of them were extracted from《wen yuan ying hua》;《wen ming panwen can ji》and《lin de an xi pan wen can juan》excavated from Dunhuang, embodied 30 pieces ,most of which was imitational sentences .Tang's panwen was quite rich in the content, involving to all aspects of the social life. According to the content,《wen yuan ying hua》was divided into 74 minor sorts such as QianXiang,LvLi,SuiShi,yuxue and so on, involving the legal science, the agronomy, the law study, the politics, the economic, the astronomy, the ethnology, the architecture, the culture study, sociology, management study as well as many other modern disciplines., Specially comparing to other literary styles, extant Tang's panwen's processing principles about the social life reflect the Tang Dynasty society's control mode and some objectively contain many systems societies control and non- system control method, and its historical data value can't be substituted in promulgating the thoughts of social control of the Tang Dynasty' society . Therefore,it's an important way to understand Tang's social control by the study of Tang's Panwen.From Tang to Qing, the study of panwen was mainly compiled.Research that views panwen at a modern discipline angle begins at modern age. At present, panwen study on the social control mainly have two view angles: laws and social management. Although it does not lack some great accomplishment, but for the weakly research troop and the unitary research angle, at present the quantity of achievement is not many, specially studies on the Tang's panwen at the historical sociological angle is very few.The remain Tang's panwen is divided into three kinds of situation: the first is booklist and description; the second is literature handed down for generations; the third is literature from Dunhuang, which was new historical data discovered along with the study of Dunhuang.Tang's Panwen reflected the beneficial changes in the reforming society on the thoughts of social control by material historical data.. The most significant change is that the Tang Dynasty's social control experienced a process from strictness to relief, from highly closed to gradually open and allows the conditional float of all the social estates. :1,relaxes the system and non-system control to the industrialists and businessmen, embodied in ground, escuage, imperial examination and status. 2,People had a tendency to be equal—the strictly hierarchical system for poor and rich people established by QinHan Dynasty of two thousand years became unimportant gradually, which embodied in hierarchical system, slavery system and captive policy. 3,the law is lenient—the law of Tang dynasty did not only order people to obey the law, but also had some human-friendly terms.The actions for loosing social control of Tang dynasty effectively maintained the social stability, stimulated social vitality and impelled the political, economic and cultural development. The measure of social control of Tang Dynasty society and Tang's special status in Chinese history, prompts us that: The social reforming time is the active time the social class flows, the social norm reconstruction time, and the essential time to the development of society; moderately relaxing control dynamics, building the harmonious social environment, and establishing the effective mobile mechanism of social class ,often can receive a effect that stimulates the society vigor, impels the social politics, the economical, the cultural development. This indicated that moderate social control is a reduced pressure trigger and a booster of the society.