The Rural Population Flows Of Shanxi In Qing Dynasty

Now our country is carrying on the new rural construction, the historical village geography research is essential, but the present its only then just started, the discipline construction is not perfect, the rural population flows is a important constituent of village geography, it is allowed to consummate the historical village geography, and is serves for the reality better. Enters the city along with the massive agricultural labourer, how to solve this part of personnel's placement problem, becomes stem question which our country government faces, the rural population flows research of Shanxi in Qing Dynasty is helpful to this. question solution.This article is research through to scale and the characteristic of rural population flows of Shanxi in Oing Dynasty, analysises the reason, summarizes it to the influence of the society. Altogether divides into five parts:Firstly, it introduces this article the reason of selecting the topic, the topic significance, the research present situation and the. mentality. It is an important academic and the practical significance to research the rural population flows of Shanxi in Qing Dynasty, the participation topic "the Shaanxi normal university country key discipline history geography research project: The Loess Plateau Area Village Geography Research, 1368 - 1949 (SNNUHG04006)" is an important reason. Since the reform and open policy, the problem of rural population flow always has been puzzles our country economy development the delicate matter, to the research of Shanxi rural population flows in Qing Dynasty, solves the social problem for our country which the agricultural labourer creates, has provided the certain model. About rural population flows academic achievement very many, but the space and time defined are less in the Qing Dynasty of Shanxi. This article uses the historical geography and history literature material, divided the region to divide the time interval to the rural population flows scale of Shanxi, the characteristic, the reason and the influence has carried on the discussion in Qing Dynasty.Secondly, I through refers to and the partial Republic of China Shanxi Local Chronicle, about the rural population material of《Facts of the Qing Dynasty》and《History of the Qing Dynasty》, uses method which the qualitative and quota unifies, summarizes the scale and the characteristic of Shanxi rural population flows in Oing Dynasty. It is basically assumes the growth the situation, Performed in the Shanxi each geography unit, in later period of the Qing Dynasty, the scale of rural population flows in Shanxi was quite big, mainly was the village commercial population flows and " immigration via the West Gate of the Great Wall ". It's characteristic displays in the time and the space, on the one hand, in the beginning of the Qing Dynasty Shanxi's rural population flowing are less, later gradually increases; on the other hand, displays was bigger than out side to in flows, each geography unit was different, north of Shanxi mainly flowed to the Mongolian area, Middle all had the distribution in the nation, the scope was broadest, south exchanged in Henan and Shaanxi, southeast was mainly within the boundaries of this province.Thirdly, I analyzed geography reason in the summary foundation of the scale and characteristic to rural population flows in Shanxi province, it may be divided into the physical and the human geography. The physical geography factor mainly was the terrain, the landform and the position condition. In the mountainous region, terrain and the landform influence performed for promoting local population flowing in the basin area, the position superiority mainly displayed the Yuncheng basin and the northwest area. Affects of human geography reasonmainly to display in: Qing government's each policy, economic and the proportion relations of the quantity between human and land was out. The first and last was propelling force, the second was the pulls power. In summary, the rural population flows was for pursue the better survival environment.Fourthly, it was a significant influence to the society of the rural population flows from Shanxi in Qing Dynasty, it performanced in the economical, ecological environment, government management and social convention aspect.The rural population flowed in Shanxi promoted the economy development, the commercial level was higher in the later period, the Jin merchant became the main. immigration via the West Gate of the Great Wall from Shanxi promoted the Mongolia living standard, improved its people's diet structure. It had also a certain influence to the ecological environment, opening up wasteland in blind, Causesed the soil erosion, rock exposed and ecological environment worsening.The Qing government's management was influenced by the rural population flows in Shanxi, how to place was always puzzling the Qing government, it adopted to place in the local which was already living and the prohibition flowed later by actual situation. The household register policy also had the change, at the same time of convecting moves, the goverment places them to enroll Baojia, counted it to the book in end of the year, all must make the statistics of flows out and the inflow, usually examines. The rural population flowed promoted the economical development, the people living standard enhanced, formed the luxurious atmosphere, it had created huge waste of the social resources.Finally, the rural population was immpointent of immigration via the West Gate of the Great Wall and braving the journey to the Northeast China from Shanxi in Oing DynastyA lot of rural population flowed to the West Gate of the Great Wall and he Northeast China from Shanxi in Qing Dynasty, it affected the local economy and society's development. In particular, the population growth of Shanxi was specially rapid, uncoordinated with the productive forces developing level, the population pressure forced the massive rural people to flow to the outside areas in the evening of Qing Dynasty; the land resource was rich in Mongolian area, the population are less, the Mongolian aristocrat and indigenous opened up wasteland through recruits the inland people, because it may obtain some economics. In the influence of the population pressure and Mongolia which cultivates, attracted massive rural population from of Shanxi had flowed to Mongolia. In order to effectively manages to it, the Qing government increased the administration, enrolled Baojia, carryed on the statistics to flows in and out, edited the book, often carried on the examination, seted up a file to report the Higher authority. Prohibition was not to obtain the ideal effect, the Oing government also saw a rich profit to open up waste land, changed it privately to official, gathered some payment of taxes. To Xuantong Period it thoroughly loose, and encouraged the inland people to export opens up waste land. It was extremely typical, therefore it was opened to a chapter.