The Population Migration Of Guangdong And Social Change Of The Guangxi During The Qing Dynasty

In the long history of China ,the mobility of the population has never stopped .Population migration is a complex social problem, and it has important influence on the development of the country or the society. So,Scholars pay much attention to it.This article consists of foreword, main part and conclusion.Firstly, the foreword recollects the achievements in research and weakness that forefathers have made on the interrelation of immigrant and society change,defines the research object and introduce the methods of the study and discusses the innovation and weakness of the paper.The main part consists of two parts,the first part describes the history of the immigration from Guangdong province to the southeast of Guangxi in Qing dynasty.I analyze the reasons for the immigration on the basis of the review before Qing dynasty, give a general description to migration process and summarize up the basic characteristics of the immigrant in southeast region of Guangxi . I think the history of the migration of the southeast region of Guangxi had already begun since the Tang and Song dynasties,but the number is small because of the unfavorable natural environment and geographical conditions. Because of the great increase of the immigrants and the battles between natives and Hakka in Guangdong province, a lot of immigrants moved to the southeast region of Guangxi. Compared with former generation,immigrants entering the southeast region of Guangxi during QingDynasty stemed mainly from the economical reasons. Compared with the other areas of Guangxi in the same period, population migration of southeast of Guangxi had two obvious characteristics. Immigrants entering southeast of Guangxi came mainly from Guangdong province and the main body of the immigrants is Hakka .In the second part, The second part mainly probes into the impact of population migration on social change of the southeast of Guangxi. The impact of the population migration on social changes of this reigon is shown as following:First of all, the entry of large quantities of immigrants, had not merely changed the distribution pattern of the population of the southeast of Guangxi greatly,eg.mainly in the traditional developed area of Guangxi, which became the important factor of promoting the further development of the agriculture, industry and commerce in southeast of Guangxi .With the participation and lead of the immigrants, the land in southeast of Guangxi got development to some extent. Many new varieties of crops had positive influence on furthering commercialization of agricultural products.On the other hand,because of the entry of a large amount of commercial immigrants, the Fair of all parts of southeast of Guangxi have got a considerable development , and the number of comprehensive markets increased day by day. The structure of the economic has changed,and many new industries came up. By the driving force of Commercial immigrants from Guangdong, many natives began to engage in business.Secondly, the entry of a large quantity of immigrants had important influence on cultural exchange and integration in southeast of Guangxi. Firstly, their emphasis on the education had a positive impact on the educational undertaking of all parts of the southeast of Guangxi.The language of the immigrants were taken to this region,Guangdong language became a popular language in this area. Materials and style of folk building changed too.Many new religious believes including some foreign religions came in and developed continuously ,which made the religious believes of southeast of Guangxi more complicated.Immigrants not only took positive changes to southeast of Guangxi,but also had negative effects.Firstly,the habbits of gambling and drug came into this area ,which made many people addicted to them and impacted on the social environment seriously.Secondly, under the influence of luxury conception of some Guangdong immigrants ,luxurious lifestyle had spreaded in the southeast region of Guangxi. The battles between natives and Hakka took place in Guangxi too,which had negative impacts on this area. In addition, economical immigrants from Guangdong took lots of foreign goods here ,so natural economy was gradually replaced by commodity economy , which made this region one part of the world market increasingly .The conclusion summarizes the function and meaning of social changes caused by population migration during Qing Dynasty in southeast of Guangxi.