On The Temple Of The Northern Song Dynasty

The sacrifice of the universe is a centuries-old etiquette of our country, which comes of human's worship of nature. It was absorbed by Confucianism later and formed etiquette idea which became facility of the emperors to rule the empires for thousands of years. Many etiquette buildings was built to demonstrate the empire's power and god-given regality, and most of them were magnificent scoped, solemn, beautiful and high-ranking national large-scale building group, representing the highest level of building of a dynasty. From the establishment of its empire, the Northern Dynasty paid greater attention to etiquette and etiquette buildings; hence, carried on the ancient rite of making sacrifices, the sacrificial offering activity many times, construction of altar and temple grew day by day. There are many types of etiquette buildings, such as sacrificial altar, the Ming tang and the temple which includes the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the Mountain Shrine and the River temple.This article carries on the analysis, selecting one type of the etiquette building—the temple of the Northern Song as research object, separately from the aspects of construction planar configuration, spatial art and location selection of Northern Song Dynasty's temple, and excavates the Confucian etiquette thought which the whole architectural composition and the monomer construction contains, and its selected location plan geomancy thought.The thesis is made up of six chapters:Introduction: Mainly introduced article research object, research technique and significance and research present situation.First chapter: Temple and etiquette buildings outline. The first section introduced etiquette, etiquette buildings and its classification, and has summarized formation, the developing process and the implication of etiquette buildings. There are three kinds of etiquette buildings, they are: the sacrificial altar, the temple and the Mingtang. The second section mainly narrated the temple evolution and its classification. Its evolution divides into two parts: nature worship and ghosts and gods worship; Confucian thought combines with ghosts and gods worship. Temple classification: ancestral temple; natural god temple; Virtuous temple.Second chapter: construction planar configuration of Northern Song Dynasty temple. First section introduced separately several typical, extant to have the vestige and reliable historical data Northern Song Dynasty temples, including its origin, existing situation and the system of the temple in the Northern Song Dynasty. These examples all are situated to the area south of Yellow River,which also was important politics and economic region of Northern Song Dynasty. These temple construction specifications were higher, and they have represented highest construction level of the Northern Song Dynasty temple. Second section summarizes general characteristic of construction planar configuration of the Northern Song Dynasty temple, that is: the temple territory was circular in the south and square in the north; the system of constructing the watch tower in four corners of the temple wall; The layout type of the main courtyard was porch courtyard; the layout of Main hall and bedroom palace was"工"shape;the architectural composition Without restraint of style; the architectural complex groups has the modulus proportion relations with each other.Third chapter: the space layout characteristic of Northern Song Dynasty temple architectural complex group. First section is the space sequence molds of the Northern Song Dynasty temple. Using the traditional organization method of "rises, receives, transfers, gathers". Second section, the space organization's order principle of the Northern Song Dynasty temple construction, namely spool thread, symmetry, rank, repetition, contrast and so on.Fourth chapter: the etiquette characteristic of the Northern Song Dynasty temple construction. First and second sections have separately analyzed the etiquette characteristic of the Northern Song Dynasty temple architectural complex group and the monomer building. On the group separately from the architectural composition, the plane scale, the building system, the gate layer on layer four aspects elaborates; on the monomer building separately from the skeleton, the step base, the Dougong, the building color four aspects carried on the elaboration.Fifth chapter: Construction geomancy and the selected location of Northern Song Dynasty temple. First section has summarized the construction geomancy definition, the theory system, the developing process and the geomancy principle about the selecting location. Second section has carried on the analysis on the selected location characteristic of the Northern Song Dynasty temple, pointing out the selected location of the Northern Song Dynasty temple both considered etiquette building sacrificial characteristic and absorbed the geomancy art selected location idea.Sixth chapter: Conclusion. Summarized this article's research conclusion, elaborated research finding's enlightenment to the contemporary society, and has forecast the following research.