| The Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty have coexisted for more than 160years in the Chinese history, when these more than hundred years, bilateral relations sometime is tight or sometime is relaxed, but both countries live in peace together the time is by far long to the war year which engages in hand-to-hand combat. Because of so, both countries economical trade relations also is changing along with both countries political relation change. About the tea trade research, although some article about legal trade to involve it, but only the simple introduction, has not carried on the system. Still did not have the special article to be published.But this article regarding Then it has carried on the detailed discussion.During the Tang and Song Dynasty, the tea economy rapid development and the prosperity, mainly display in the tea sown area unceasingly expands, tea output greatly increases, the tea production specialization level enhancement, the tea market development. Song Dynasty's tea economy entered to renew the quicker development time, it has had profound and the significant influence to the later generation.Liao Dynasty is our country national minority Khitan race the dynasty which establishes in the north. Until area of Song Dynasty tea spreading to, the Khitan realized the tea is helpful to the digest lard, is one kind of extremely good drinks.Thereupon, in distantly is addicted to the tea to become commonpractice. The tea also becomes absolutely necessary in the Khitan's life, regardless of is entertains a guest or the religious sacrificial offering tea all to act the important role. But, as are sult of the geography condition limit, the Khitan uses the tea completely to come from the area south of Yellow River or otherplaces. Thus, Song and Liao Dynasty comes into being at the tea trade. Song Liao tea trade mainly divides into the legal trade, the smuggling trade and the tribute bestows the trade.The legal trade and the tribute bestows the trade is between the official carries on officially is legitimate the trade act, but smuggles the trade is in private unofficial illegal trade way.As early as in the Emperor Taizu in Song dynasty time, Liao and Song had the preliminary economical trade. Before the Tanyuan Treaty,the legal trade sometimes opens or sometimes shuts, until 1004 after, both countries relations are stable, both countries discuss the legal trade only then to stabilize down. The Song Liao main tea trade place concentrates to Shanxi and Hebei legal trade, the government uses in every year places such as Shaanxi, Hebei legal trade the tea quantity many. Xiong Zhou is the tea trade main trade place. In this, about Liao Song whether has the tea horse trade, this article believed, Song Liao has the tea horse trade, but has not formed the big scale. It can be said that, discussed the field trade to provide an economical exchange platform for the distant Song both countries people. Legal trade is established for some kind of benefit. It is through in two places frontiers establishment special place, strictly manages by government's officials, and responsibly evaluates the goods fit and unfit quality rank by the specialist, is responsible with the intercourse merchant to carry on the cargo business transaction. After the participation discusses the legal trade the personnel to have to levy the business tax only then in to discuss on the field to carry on the transaction. Discusses the field the establishment, caused the Liao Song economy contact to change smoothly, especially is plays the promotion role to the tea trade development. Song Dynasty's tea massively inputs the Liao ,this not only causes the Northern Song Dynasty government financial revenue big increase, simultaneously, also has satisfied the Khitan to the tea demand. The bilateral economical exchange not only is advantageous to the national unity, the promotion society is progressive, is enable distant Song both countries the material structure difference to obtain supplementarily. Tea official trade another kind of special form -- The tribute grants the tea which the messenger mutually presents. This article thought this is one kind of economical trade act. Therefore called it the trade is because the Liao Song time particular decision, the this time two dynasties are the Chinese north and south power Han Nationality political power and national minority political power existing side by side, both countries relations are equal, two political power each other tribute bestows presents the tea and the gift is one kind of in disguised form economical trade in fact. Through both countries messengers' intercourse, has made both countries relations, has disseminated both countries culture, the area south of Yellow River tea culture also passed to in particular Liao Dynasty.The legal trade and the tribute bestows the trade only to exist to both sides relates the friendly time, but the unofficial tea smuggling trade actually cannot receive the war to affect too much, instead more is the war time, the smuggling trade is more active. The smuggling trade is the Song Liao tea trade important constituent. Distant Song tea smuggling has the scope broadly, the quantity big, the personnel mixed, the way are many and so on the characteristic. The smuggling trade concentrates much to both countries frontier, moreover through waterway traffics the tea to be virtually impossible to guard against. The smuggling trade is the illegal trade. Flowed in the distant boundary tea quantity through smuggling also is very considerable. Thus, it causes the Song Liao Dynasty the economic to receive the serious harm, also causes both countries the national security to be threaten.In brief, the Liao Song tea discusses the field trade, the smuggling trade, the tribute bestows the trade although the form respectively differently, the content is different, but all is the Song Liao tea trade constituent. They are not the independent existence, but is each other relation. Legal trade and the tribute bestows the trade is the national government direct intervention, but smuggles the trade is the national prohibition, the surface looks like the two mutually contradictory, but time works as both countries relations is anxious, discusses the field closure, the messenger no longer exchanges the intercourse, when the material life cannot satisfy the people needs, the smuggling trade achievement essential supplement, then appears especially importantly.Song Liao tea trade holds the important status in our country nationality trade history. It to the Han Nationality and the national minority, the agricultural region and the animal husbandry area economical exchange and the prosperity development, continuously is playing the positive influence, is displaying the extremely vital role.First, when the economical aspect, the tea is important drink in Song Dynasty. Because the profit is rich, discusses the business tax which the place results in is in various political power country finance an important income. Through the tea trade, collected taxes the rest to account for the very great proportion every year in Song Dynasty's financial revenue. The tea in national trade prominent status and its the rich profit, promoted south Song Dynasty various provinces tea planter, the tea planter very quickly to obtain the promotion without doubt, the tea economy obtains the fast development. The tea trade development, causes certain local the region economic boom. Such tea trade and other productions, the daily necessity transaction becomes the huge propelling force which the society progresses, to the acceleration border area economical development, the society progresses,speeds up feudalized the advancement to have the vital significance.Next, in the political aspect, the Song Liao tea trade development in on objective plays is promoting the nationality harmoniously,maintains the society to be stable, is advantageous to the multi-national feudalism country unification vital role. Each political power discusses the field trade using the make and break to carry on the diversion to opposite party,The third, tea trade between Song Liao impelled the transportation shipping industry development. Both countries post house establishment is both countries intercourse testimony. In order to guarantee the tea transportation is unobstructed, Song Dynasty once several time carried on to the river course entire has put in order.From produces the tea to make a long and wearisome journey transports to discusses the field as well as capital's tea one by one, is precisely because had the convenient transportation environment, only then may directly transport to the capital.Finally, the tea trade deepened both countries cultural aspect exchange. The tea passed on the tea to spread changed the Khitan'diet custom. The broad and profound area south of Yellow River tea culture also enable the distant person's etiquette aspect to have very sweeping change. All may find the area south of Yellow River culture.The coin has two sides. The tea trade produces the positive historical function and the influence are a mainstream. But also has limitation.First, on the one hand, the bilateral tea discusses the legal trade because to receive political, the military factor restriction, causes to discuss the field establishment politics and the economical goal only can realize in the certain degree. Because the Song Liao both countries political relation is good is bad, discusses the field trade influence to both countries tea to be bigger, discusses the field opening decides along with bilateral and the war relations. The bilateral economical trade therefore intermittent, has also hindered both countries economical development. On the other hand, discussed the field the existence to cause the Song Dynasty to neglect there organization and the development military force, caused oneself to lose the military superiority in the war which possibly had. This discusses the negative effect which the field brings.Next, both sides discuss the field establishment the political objective are first considered. This causes to discuss the field trade not to be able fully to display its currency, the class advantage conomical function, this is the smuggling trade therefore one of prosperous reasons. When discusses the field closure, both countries people need when the commodity is unable to obtain satisfies, the smuggling existence appears importantly. Song distant between exists tea trade smuggling, extremely affects Liao Song both countries the financial tax revenue, simultaneously the country in order to attack tea smuggling, possibly will adopt cruel method like this inevitably intensifies the ruler and at the same time people's class contradictions also possibly incurs the frontier to be anxious, both countries will become reconciled the aspect.Finally, is drafts discusses, the tea tiredly transports the pain, has brought the serious disaster for the general working people. The Song Dynasty ruler is favorable as a result of the pursue high quota tea the low price purchase tea farmer tea but the high price sells, causes the tea farmer to have the very big loss, from this the initiation tea farmer with government authorities' struggle, intensified the ruler and ruled's class contradictions, also has accelerated the Song Dynasty collapse, has the negative historical influence. |
